The modern lifestyle of high intake of high-calorie food associated with reduced energy expenditure

Mediterranean diet, a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet, a vegan diet and a vegetarian diet all of which to have shown to improve metabolic conditions. The degree of the improvement varies from patient to patient therefore, it is necessary to evaluate each patient based on their only needs and individual metabolic demands. It is recommended that patients with pre-diabetes be made aware of beneficial nutrition intervention. Knowing what diet is best for the patient can significantly help with the risks of developing diabetes type 2. Medical nutrition therapy plays a role at three levels, primary prevention, secondary and tertiary prevention. For the purpose of this paper primary prevention is observed to help aim in delaying or arresting the development of diabetes. Different types of diet have been shown to be associated with improvement in metabolic condition. Modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance so either a low carbohydrate, low-fat calorie-resistance, or Mediterranean diet may be effective in the short term (Khazrai et al.,

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). T2D is so prevalent that it is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death worldwide (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1). T2D manifests when the body is unable to metabolize glucose properly, resulting in elevated blood sugar, debilitating fatigue, and other serious complications such as distal limb amputations, kidney failure, and blindness. The generally accepted causes of T2D include diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity.

The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001).The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic, complex disease that has become a worldwide health crisis. According to the World Health Organization over 422 million people in the world had this disease in 2014 (1), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that in the United States alone 29 million people had diabetes in 2014 (2). While the genetic predisposition contributing to the diabetes phenotype is not fully understood to date it still remains an area of active research. There are also various environmental factors that contribute stress to the glucose homeostasis system that provide a different approach in understanding this disease. Comprehending the pathogenesis of the disease has been an area of constant research for decades. There is hope that pharmaceutical developments can follow along and find medical treatments that can target the key pathogenic elements of this disease.

Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease worldwide. According to the American Diabetes association (ADA), 1808 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with diabetes, and another 7 million are thought to have the disease but have not been diagnosed. (Hilaire, Woods, 2013). This disease has impacted everyone in some way. It is a controllable disease; however many individuals choose not to control it or are uneducated on how to control it. Many people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) also have hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of physical activity, poorly controlled blood sugars, and smoking. “Current evidence supports the concept that hyperglycemia significantly contributes to the development of both cardiovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM” (Chittari, McTernan, 2011). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus, accounting for 50% of all deaths (Campbell & Hillman, 2010).

Diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, primarily because of the increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is an endocrine disease in which the body has either a shortage of insulin or a decrease ability to use insulin or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cells and be converted into energy. Diabetes can be characterized as a prevailing, incapacitating, and deadly disease. There are a number of risk factors that increase a person’s tendency toward developing type II diabetes. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are just a few. The

The basis of our being is cellular, with nutrition being one necessity a cell needs to function. Nutrition comes from the food we consume where it is digested and broken down into simple nutrients. Each food having a different nutritional value. Is the diet we, as American’s, consume nutritionally filled? What role does a typical western diet play in relationship to the diseases we treat in healthcare today? In going back to the diet of our ancestors, consuming a Paleolithic diet, also known as a caveman or stone-age diet decreases the amount of chronic inflammation one has, thereby reducing risk factors for major diseases we treat in healthcare today.

Diabetes is a problem that is expanding across the nation due to various factors that may be avoided such as bad eating habits, lack of exercise and education. These components can all be reversed, which will result to a diabetic free life. According to Diabetes Research Institute, “the most common form of diabetes is called type 2, or non-insulin dependent diabetes”. People with type 2 are able to produce some of their own insulin, yet often, it’s not enough (Diabetes Research Institute, 2016). Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States and effects over 23.6 million people (Healthy People, 2014).

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes in the U.S., and it is a severe disease with numerous life-threatening consequences. T2DM occurs when insulin, which is a hormone released by the pancreas for sugar metabolism, becomes low or cannot be utilized by cells. In the normal condition, insulin circulates in the bloodstream and enables to convert starch, sugar, and all polysaccharides complex into glucose, which cells use for energy; however, in T2DM, there is continuously too much glucose in the bloodstream. When cells don’t interact appropriately with insulin, blood sugar increases, and this phenomenon is called insulin resistance that leads to many health problems,

Type II Diabetes is a disease that is mostly manageable, despite the recent surge in diagnoses. Type II diabetes is generally a controllable and preventable condition, but in the case of extreme obesity, is difficult to manage. The connection between extreme obesity and the inevitable insulin resistance of the body is widely known throughout the population. The problem is real and it is thoroughly documented by research institutions around the world. Type II Diabetes develops when insulin secretion cannot keep the body at normal glycemic levels, causing insulin secretion and tissues that do not respond properly to the insulin that is being secreted.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that severely effects the lives of patients suffering from it. Diabetes occurs when the body’s blood glucose levels are too high (1). There are two main types of Diabetes known as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce the adequate amounts of insulin, and patients with type 1 require daily insulin replacement in order to survive (Martini et al 2015 p. 664). Type 2 diabetes, which is the most common type of diabetes, is often correlated with obesity. The body is able to produce the normal amounts of insulin, but the tissues in the body do not respond appropriately. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled by medication and weight loss, but like type 1, it cannot be cured

“A major concern at this time is the rapid climb in incidence of Type 2 diabetes, with prevalence now estimated at about 9% (18 million) of the population greater than 20 years of age.” Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are commonly associated (Gould & Dyer, 2011). In addition to the two types of diabetes, there are signs and symptoms that are easily detected and some that develop after diagnosis.

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.