The most expansive segment of the digestive tract is the stomach which is located between the end

3. Name the structure that is a double fold of peritoneum and holds the small intestine to the

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

Digestion starts in mouth and it is going through several steps. Teeth which are a Mechanical digestion start tearing and crushing the food down into small pieces so that the food will smoothly run down our throat. The salivary glands are located underneath the back of our tongues and that’s what is creating our saliva. The saliva is the Chemical Digestion is helping soften the food in the mouth so it is easy to swallow. Also saliva is the first out of several chemicals that is breaking the food into smaller bits. The tongue is the muscle that works with the food and saliva to form something similar to balls that can be swallowed. Also tongue contains taste buds so that we know if the food is salt, sweet, sour or bitter. Esophangus is a simple transportation tube that is joining the throat with stomach. When swallowing we are closing a trap door in our throats called the epiglottis. By closing this trap we are preventing the food prom going to trachea and into our lungs. Also Food moves down the esophangus using muscles not gravity. Stomach is the first stop after the Esophangus. When the food gets into stomach the stomach uses chemicals to try to make the food smaller. These chemicals are called gastric juices and they include hydrochloric acid and enzymes. (Enzymes are

The stomach is an organ that is part of the digestive system. The stomach is located in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity, below the diaphragm and next to the liver (Stomach, 2013). The inner walls of the stomach contain small pores called gastric pits. The gastric pits contain cells that secrete chemicals that aid in the digestion of food (Nguyen, 2015). In this essay, I will discuss the different cell types of the stomach, how they work together to provide the overall function of the stomach, why each organ requires different cell types, why the stomach can’t be comprised of just one cell type, and the advantage of having different types of cells.

The basic function of the connective tissue is to support, bind or connect all other types of tissues together in the body.Blood, cartilage, and bone are usually considered as connective tissue

triggers the opening of the ileocecal valve, allowing materials to pass from the small intestine into the large intestine.

The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls that lies in the upper abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm. The stomach looks small after it is emptied, but it expands

The esophagus is a collapsible, muscular mucous lined tube about 25 cm long and extend from the pharynx to the stomach. It is the first segment of the digestive tube and its muscular wall make it a dynamic passageway able to push food toward the stomach. Each end of the esophagus is guarded by a muscular sphincter. The upper sphincter helps to prevent air from entering the tube during respiration, and the lower sphincter normally prevents backflow of the acidic stomach content.

The stomach is an influential organ within the digestive system that converts the entered bolus into a semi-liquid paste like substance called chyme before it progresses further into the small intestine. This process is attained through the interplay of stomach muscles which churn the food and the mixture of gastric acid, mucus and digestive enzymes. There are numerous substances found in the stomach which contribute to the digestive process such as parietal cells that create hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, exocrine cells that produce mucus, chief cells and G cells. These substances aid in the chemical digestion process which represents the chemical alteration of larger molecules into its smaller subunits. Among the various substances,

These different layers are made up of many tissues allowing the full function of the esophagus. Beginning in the lumen the mucosa is comprised of 3 layers, the epithelial layer, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa. The epithelial layer is composed of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The epithelial layer has larger cells rich in glycogen that become have a more flattened appearance as they approach the lumen. The basal zone of this layer consists of cuboidal or rectangular cells that have basophilic nuclei and cytoplasm containing no glycogen with melanocytes and neuroendocrine cells are scattered.9 The lamina propria is follows the basal lamina and consists of loosely arranged collagen fibers and fibroblasts in a glycosaminoglycan matrix with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and some mast cells and plasma cells. Tongues of the lamina propria extend towards the lumen surface giving a waved appearance. A thin muscularis mucosa layer is the deepest of the mucosa composed of sheets of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle. Bellow the layers of the mucosa is the submucosa. This layer is rich in blood vessels, lymphocytes, nerves, ganglion cells, and scattered with mucous glands that secrete acid mucins. The ducts of these glands are lined with stratified columnar epithelium which penetrate the layers of the mucosa opening to the lumen of the esophagus.9 Lymphocytes,

The electron micrograph image above shows epithelial tissue within the intestines. The role of the intestines is to absorb nutrients from the food and drink we ingest and to absorb water from food. The lining of the small intestines is covered with microvilli. Microvilli are microscopic hair-like structures which produce a larger surface area for the absorption of nutrients. Each microvilli contains a small blood capillary. When nutrients are absorbed into the hair-like structures, they enter its blood capillary. As there are so many microvilli structures on the lining of the small intestines, it creates a brush border. This helps the absorption of nutrients. This is how the nutrients are transferred from food into the bloodstream. Goblet cells

The oesophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat also known as the pharynx, with the stomach. The oesophagus is approximately 8cm in length and is lined with a pink tissue called mucosa. The oesophagus runs behind the windpipe (also known as the trachea) and the heart, the oesophagus runs in front of the spine. The oesophagus before entering the stomach goes through the diaphragm.

The digestive systems organs work together to help the body turn food into nutrients and energy. Food passes through the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The GI tract is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. There are accessory organs that do not have food pass through them but those organs help with the digestive system. They include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The six major functions need to happen in the digestive system and they are ingestion, secretion, mixing and movement, digestion, absorption, and excretion. (Taylor)

2. The layers of the GI tract consist of mucosa by producing mucus to protect against pathogens and the lining is epithelium. Submucosa is responsible for the blood and lymph vessels for the absorption of nutrients, would find nervous tissue and glands for the secretion of lumen. In the muscularis there are three layers called circular layer where it extends the diameter of the GI tract the other layer is longitudinal is where the muscle runs along the length of the digestive tract and oblique, all allow for movement in the GI tract. Serosa is a serous that reduces friction in the wall of the GI tract.

A through gut is present. Contains two openings where one is used to ingest food and the other is used to excrete waste products