multiple fission cell cycles, especially with regard to the length of each stage (Lorraine et al. 1985, Mandalam and Palsson 1997, Vilém Zachleder et al. 2002). Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. are two different multiple-fissional algal models, their cell-cycle model have many patterns under different environmental conditions (Mandalam and Palsson 1997, VilémZachleder et al. 2002, Rioboo et al. 2009). The two well-studied multiple-fissional species showed some differences in mitotic division (M-phase)
human resource activities such as pay, training, communications, and staffing. Human responses to OM systems often explain variations or anomalies that would otherwise be treated as randomness or error variance in traditional operations research models. In this paper, we probe the interface between operations and human resources by examining how human considerations affect classical OM results and how operational considerations affect classical HRM results. We then propose a unifying framework
elements are related to the dimensions of brand equity, that is, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand associations combined with brand awareness. These dimensions are then related to brand equity. The empirical tests using a structural equation model support the research hypotheses. The results show that frequent price promotions, such as price deals, are related to low brand equity, whereas high advertising spending, high price, good store image, and high distribution intensity are related to
...................................... 4 2.2 Marketing Communications........................................................... 5 2.2.1 Communication Process..................................................... 6 2.2.2 Marketing Communication Models...................................... 7 2.2.3 Marketing Communication Tools ........................................ 8 2.2.4 Consumer and Business Markets....................................... 9 2.2.5 Integrated Marketing Communications .....
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saturated market. In order to gain useful consumer insights, which allowed the company to optimize the product and position it successfully in the market, Procter & Gamble had to plan a market research process. This included asking market research question(s), collecting data, and analyzing these using quantitative methods. This book provides an introduction to the skills necessary for conducting or commissioning such market research projects. It is written for two audiences. First, it is aimed at undergraduate