The 's Ownership Of Human Beings As Property Essay

These methods were used to acquire land by making treaties with native chiefs shows Europe’s attitude and how they will do whatever they want in order to acquire more lands.

Encomienda System- Nicolás de Ovando created this system with a main goal of being allowed to give Indians to colonists only if they christianized them. This system gave the government permission to force the natives to work for the colonists, after the colonists would come into the natives towns and conquer it for themselves.

To better understand the word ‘chattel’ and how both words connect, we need to understanding the economic and tragedy of slavery. At the time when slaves were brought to America, they were sold in markets very similar to the way cattle would be sold. Slave owners would often brand their new possessions just they would do with their cattle’s after purchase. These slaves have become

“Compare and contrast the early colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, and England in terms of motives, economic foundations, and relations with Africans and Native Americans. What factors explain the similarities and differences in the two ventures?”

It was that of the fur trade. Europeans made great income on cheap furs in the Americas. They sold them for 10-20 times more in Europe than what they actually bought them for. The Indians also grew dependent on the Europeans and the supplies they could provide. This is very similar to the Spanish mission in California. At first, Spaniards tried to convert Indians to cathlocism, but they also brought goods like clothing and tools. Soon, just like those in the fur trade, the Indians became dependent on the Europeans and could not escape the trap set by the Europeans.

One of the negative effect of the exchange between Europe and the New World is that the Indians were made slaves. In document 1, it is mentioned that the Indians were put into slavery. This document was part of a set of laws that was put into place to stop the exploitation of Indians. The New Spanish laws of the Indies was made to reform an old set of laws called the Laws of Burgos. The Laws of Burgos was practically made to set the natives into a slavelike state as the first law of the set called for the Indians to be removed from their land and be set into encomiendas, “a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.“ This lead to the creation of the new law which was made to limit the power of encomenderos, the landowner.

In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to private property. In the chapter which is titled “Of Property” he tells how the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes significant points about private property. In this paper I will summarize his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my opinion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to

For example, Spain was one of the most prominent contributor to the silver trade because it had many colonies and was a mercantilist economy. The Spanish had the quinto system where one-fifth of the silver collected in the colonies would directly go to Spain, the other four-fifths of the money would be used in trade. However, Tomás de Mercado, a Spanish Scholar, states the fact that Asian commodities had a high price (Doc 2). This resulted in all the silver to flow to Asia instead of Spain holding onto it. Additionally, although the flow of silver into Asia was hurting the Spanish and the European economy, they still continued to trade with the Asians (Doc 8). Charles D’Avenant, an English scholar, states that Europeans cannot stop trading their silver that lasts for Asian goods that are temporary as they have already gotten a taste of the luxury. He also states that it is a social issue as people of all degrees feel the need to buy Asian goods, no matter how expensive. The Europeans have too high of a demand for Asian commodities to stop the flow of silver into Asia. Furthermore, Antonio Vázqez de Espinosa, a Spanish priest concerned with the Spanish invasion of the Native American society (Doc 6). The Spanish authorities set up the mita system for the Native Americans where one-seventh of the men in the native village population were sent to work in the silver mines of Potosí. This shows the negative effect of the silver trade as it describes the horrible conditions that the Native Americans face while working in the mines. This is comparable to the encomienda system around the same timeline. The Spanish started settling in Southern America and began pursuing profitable plantation (sugar) and mining business; however they needed a labor force. In the encomienda system, the Spanish were given the right to force the Native Americans to work on their plantations and

The rise of food production may make the Columbian Exchange seem like it was beneficial to America, but the combination of the depopulation and the rise of the production of food led to harsh exploitation of different people groups (Nunn, Qian). The introduction of new plants required more work from native workers in the plantations (Nunn, Qian). This led Europeans to employ the Encomienda system, in which the colonists, mostly the Spanish colonists, received a grant by the Spanish Crown to have the right to demand forced labor from the Native Americans (Crosby). Even though it was created with the intention of caring and helping the natives, it turned into a destructive system, in which the natives were to be regarded as part of the property

In the late 1500’s Francisco Toledo, Spanish Viceroy of Peru, implemented many reforms centralizing the colonial government. He implemented regulations that grouped the natives into small settlements or villages, much like those seen in Europe, with grid like streets, a central plaza that faced the church, and a jail, etc. The Indians resisted these villages and many even fled. In the face of Indian resistance the Spanish authorities planned on using the Kurakas’ traditional power over the labor and goods of the Indigenous people to benefit the state by gaining control over these societies and using these goods and services of the natives as forms of payment to the state.

Prior to such economic changes urban development and Naïve American traditions established kinships in order to meet the needs of everyone, not for the purpose to produce surplus for later market value as established by European colonists to make profits and kept by a select few instead of distributing the profit made from trading. Native Americans did not agree with this type of urban modernization. This aspect of urban development is key to understanding American expansion westward beyond Springfield’s post. Urban development of European settlers in comparison to Native American land use and development, through the means of extractable labor and resources in order to maintain authoritative power over another person was paired unanimously in European urban development.

The first definition of slavery appeared as part of a document in the League of Nations Slavery Convention of September 1926. It defined the word as a “status of condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised.” The document went on to define the slave trade as “all acts involved in the capture, acquisition or disposal of a person with intent to reduce him to slavery; all acts involved in the acquisition of a slave with a view to selling or exchanging him; all acts of disposal by sale or exchange of a slave acquired with a view to being sold or exchanged, and, in general, every act of trade or transport in slaves” (Weissbrodt and Dottridge, 4).

“Encomienda or Slavery?” by Timothy J. Yeager. I will analyze the author’s thesis, the reasons why the encomienda system was a better choice for the Crown, and I will disagree with Yeager’s viewpoint that it is not a “curious” option for the Crown to choose over the alternative of enslavement. Encomienda was a system in which the Spaniards took over land, forced the natives to work for them and in return the encomenderos provided the native Indians with protection. I will also agree with the author’s views of the Crown confiscating property from the encomenderos. In Timothy J. Yeager’s article, he discusses why the Crown decided to implement a governmental structure of the encomienda rather than have the natives become their slaves.

There has been much debate on the topic of slavery in the early times, although most of the countries considered slavery as a criminal activity. Some countries such as Myanmar and Sudan do not abolish it. They even expedite the slavery system. It is no doubt that slavery violent the human rights. However, it was commonly spread in the early times from 17th to 19th century. In this research, I will talk about the origin of the slavery, the reasons for people to becoming slave and the life of the slave.

The ideology behind what private property represents and conveys through the theories of both Locke and Marx's results in contrasting views. Locke heavily stresses the blending of labor and common land to create private property to increase one’s wealth. Liberty and livelihood under Locke’s theory is tied to the ability of an individual to control the use of their private property. Marx’s theory strongly contends that the bourgeoisie has gained control of the profit making private properties leaving the working class in a stage of exploitation. Marx’s conclusion then is to set private property in the hands of the people in hopes of creating universal economic equality. Respectively each thesis places governments, labour and religion