The 's Theory Of Moral Development

This paper is written to examine various influences on the moral development of young children. Specifically, the paper will speak to the definition of moral development, the views held by educators Piaget and Kohlberg on this area of development in young children and the application of moral development theories by Early Childhood Educators. Theories posited by Sigmund Freud with regards to the psychological development of children in the early childhood arena will be discussed as well. Suggestions for parents on supporting the moral development of their children will also be addressed.

In this case, Russell is in Mr. Willow’s eighth-grade biology class. After scoring a 72 percent on his first test, Russell’s dad threatens to take away his extracurricular activities. Worried that his dad will take away his social life, Russell decides that he is going to work extra hard on his genetics assignment so that he can improve his grade and get back on his dad’s good side. After hearing that Mr. Willow’s genetics assignment is extremely difficult, Russell is persuaded by his soccer teammate, Luis, to use his brother’s assignment that he turned in to Mr. Willow a few years back that had received a high grade. Thinking about pleasing his dad, keeping his social life, and not getting made fun of by his teammate, Russell turns in Luis’ brother’s assignment as his own. Mr. Willow notices that the paper is not Russell’s original work and embarrasses him in front of the entire class. Given Russell’s age and actions, Russell is in the conventional stage of Kohlberg’s Moral Development, more specifically the “Good boy/Good girl” stage because he is looking to meet other people’s expectations when he is making decisions. For example, Russell used Luis’s brother’s assignment because he wanted to get a good grade that would please his dad. Secondly, Russell knew that if Luis found out that he didn’t use his brother’s assignment, Luis would more than likely make fun of him.

In 1932 Piaget was interested not in what children do but in what they think. Piaget was interested in children’s moral reasoning. The three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral issues were Children’s understanding of rules, Children’s understanding of moral responsibility and Children understands of justice. Piaget found that children’s ideas regarding rules, moral judgements and punishment tend to change as they got older. Moral development involves children learning how to tell the difference between right and wrong. They use this knowledge to arrive at appropriate decisions when dealing with complicated decisions. They should have the strength and independence to act in accordance with that right decision despite the fact that it may not be a convenient thing to do. Other components of development, morality are shaped by multiple factors. Children interpersonal experiences with family, peers, and other adults, as well as their maturing physical, cognitive, emotional and social skills combine to influence moral development. Just like other stages children go through in life their moral reasoning also develops in stages.

Augustine 's understanding of the relationship between the sovereignty of God and human responsibility is more biblical than Cassian 's view. Augustine 's school of theology totally relies on God as the grace giver, however Cassian 's school relies on man 's merit before receiving grace. This debate has been going on since the early church and still affects the church today. Many people have different opinions and interpretations of how the Bible deals with predestination and man 's free will. Augustine 's understanding is more biblical due to his ability to use scripture properly, show both sides of the argument, and defend his case with better clarity.

How can environmental and familial factors influence moral development during middle childhood? Support your answer with information from the readings. Social development. The influence of social support for children provides them with more of an advanced development in their ability and communication skills. Through family, peers, and the community in which a child lives in can further increase a child’s competence. If a child lacks social support this can affect their self - achievement in a negative way and lessen their social skills. Parental influence play an important role in social development. As a child interacts with others or learns how to play sport giving a child feedback and praise can improve moral development.

In We Should All Be Feminists, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie tells the personal story of her experience as a woman advocating for gender equality while changing her perception on the social norms in Nigeria through the African culture. Adichie additionally compares the experience her friends in the United States face to her own to indicate the situation as an international dilemma. Adichie mentions our fixed perspective, "The waiters are products of a society that has taught them that men are more important than women, and I know they don't intend harm, but it is one thing to know something intellectually

Educational psychologist Gu Mingyuan points out that morality is learned in childhood(1960). For instance, an investigation shows that there were about 818 thousand children of school age who can not get education because of wars and terrorist organization in Iraq in 2003(There are more than 800). After the terrorist organization invasion, many innocent children have ended their lives in acts of unimaginable horror. More than that, some terrorist even trained children to be killers and instilled distorted ideas to them. It’s hard to imagine how those children would become when they grow up. No matter what their original characters were, their kind-hearts or virtues might disappear sooner or later under that circumstance. By contrast, people

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development were based on a moral philosopher by the name of Lawrence Kohlberg. His main interest was to observe children during growth to develop and conclude which stages they best fit into. After observing both adults and children, he concluded that, “Human beings progress consecutively from one stage to the next in an invariant sequence” (“Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development”). All of the 6 stages he created, represent the morality in which a child or adult can be at; he created an age zone for each stage. There are a total of 6 stages but each main concept consists of 3 levels. Level 1 is the preconventional stage. This stage focuses on punishment/obedience and how the person decides to act due to the

Carol Gilligan (1982) sparked a heated academic debate with her popular book In a different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. In this book Gilligan departs from the traditional sequential stage modals advocated by luminary psychologists such as Piaget (1925) and Kohlberg (1969) and develops her own moral orientation model. Gilligan criticises these theories as she claims they are insensitive to females 'different voice' on morality and therefore result in women achieving lower stages, thereby labelling them morally inferior to men.

Social and emotional development is the development of the child’s identity and self-image, relationships and feeling about themselves and learning to live with others in both the family and society which is one of the most important parts of development.

Jean Piaget is a famous psychologist who is professionally known for his pioneering work that he did in children’s development. His cognitive development theory has three key components, the first one is scheme, the second one is adaption which is an important process that helps a child to go from one stage another such equilibrium, accommodation and accommodation. The third one is cognitive development with four different sub theory such as, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational (McLeod, 2015). The focus of this assignment will be on sensorium stage and theory of moral judgment. Sensorimotor stage from birth to 2 years. Piaget’s was against applying age norms to the stages, different

Would you describe a dog as capable of being evil? Or a cat? Or a chimpanzee? Most likely you could not. We humans belong to the taxonomic kingdom of Animalia and are therefore animals. Our species has evolved from animals that looked and acted more like the modern chimpanzee than we do. So at what point did we go from being creatures of instinct do developing the concept of morality? A great deal of literature has been written about morality, examples of which can be located in fiction and non-fiction as well as in scientific, theological and philosophical fields. Specific examples include the bible, as well as the writings of Plato (c. 424-348 BCE), Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) and John Steinbeck (1902-1968). Morality is a trait that

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg is widely known for his proposed stages of moral development; he argued that the development of moral reasoning “is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan.” (Cherry). Moreover, Kohlberg’s stages of moral development involve three levels, namely: the preconventional moral reasoning, conventional moral reasoning and postconventional moral reasoning. Each of these levels consists of two stages. Furthermore, we will examine Kohlberg’s stages of moral development by creating a character named Ciara. Ciara is a mischievous, temperamental and aggressive 11-year old who studies at a christian school. Throughout this essay we will see how Ciara’s moral reasoning will evolve.

Goldman Sachs should have been punished for its behavior in the years leading up to the financial crisis. Goldman ended up settling with the federal government for $110 Billion, which I do not believe was sufficient based on the magnitude of problems created. This amount should have been much larger, and at minimum they should have forfeited the $14 Billion paid to them by AIG. (Inside Job, 2011) In addition, AIG should have had the right to sue Goldman Sachs for fraud. It was in the public’s best interest to keep Goldman up and running, however additional penalties could have been put on a repayment schedule to keep them solvent. Instead, you had Goldman giving out large bonuses.

The theory of moral development, advanced by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg is one of the most well-known persuasive theories in the field of cognitive science and stems from the work of Jean Piaget, which hypothesizes on the direct correlation that exists between moral and cognitive development. Kohlberg speaks of the appearance and understanding of what is right and wrong from childhood to adulthood and explains by this transition through the identification of various levels of morality known as pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional. People will make decisions based on the understanding of the possible outcome and through reasoning of morals. (Target Concept)