The 's Theory Of Moral Obligation And Responsibility

The twenty-first century has seen pharmaceutical companies grow in unprecedented size and strength. Due to the unprecedented growth the larger pharmaceutical companies have gained leverage and power in the prescription drug industry, but they lack innovation to market and they seek ways to help the business continue to increase its profits. The pharmaceutical industry was once ethically sound and was a valuable player in the development of human health. However, overtime with the lack of innovation pharmaceutical companies are becoming an unethical market that exploits patients, doctors and anyone else it can to increase its profitability. With eyes only on profitability this can create a hazard for patients because there

In “Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives”, Philippa Foot argues against Immanuel Kant, that morality exists in hypothetical imperatives rather than categorical imperatives. For Kant, categorical imperatives alone serve as moral commands, and it would be impossible for a moral system to be based on hypothetical imperatives because such imperatives serve as means to ends and result from maxims that cannot be universalized into perfect duties. Despite this, Foot holds that acting on many hypothetical imperatives can be morally praiseworthy and can even serve as the basis of moral judgments. Although I agree with Foot that hypothetical imperatives can have moral worth, in this paper, I will argue that a morality based on the purposes that hypothetical imperatives are directed toward appears to be circular. To do this, I will explain Foot’s theory of how morality is known and binds. Then, I will argue that this theory is insufficient to explain the moral purpose that hypothetical imperatives must be directed toward, thus begging the question of what is the moral basis of the purpose directed toward in the hypothetical imperative.

The Illusion of Free Will or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Embrace the Basic Argument

When considering the theory of morality. There are many different views about the guidelines humans should follow in order to be a good human and live in a functional environment. Monism, pluralism, and particularism are three different ideas about how one should make decisions. Pluralism seems to be the most plausible in our society.

A company has the responsibility to represent the best instrest to all stakeholders. If a company purpose is to gain weth than it should not give a deceiving picture about caring for the wellbeing of the world. PharmaCARE is a deceiving company because they display on thing but do another. The company favors its executives more than the employees in Colberia. This shows that the company has a a double standard. The lobbying shows that the company is only to appease its American shareholders. Lastly, providing employment to individuals for only a dollar a day is not ethical. This company cannot be regarded has ethic because it disregards basic human

Upjohn Corporation has an ethical dilemma and needs to consider the fact that it is a drug company that is in business to heal people. The efficiency perspective may state that it is socially responsible to maximize the returns of the shareholders, but the social responsibility perspective states that it is socially irresponsible to only maximize shareholder wealth since the patients are also responsible for the firm’s existence. Additionally, if they follow the moral rights approach, they will do what’s right: not produce or sell anymore drugs that will kill its patients. If the company is in the business of healing people, why would they let their products kill people? The drug may produce $18,000,000 in revenue for the company per year, but life is too valuable for a price tag. There are other drugs on the market that offer similar benefits to Panalba without the risky side effects. Therefore, the negative externalities of Panalba far exceed its benefits. Hopefully Upjohn Corporation will choose to be anticipators rather than defenders (Pages

This however is like “saying shoe advertisements are educational, showing people how to cover their feet.” (Ridberg et al.) The commercials focus on showing individuals living happy lives, not statistics about the drug or instructions on how to take it. In addition, it is argued that the reason pharmaceutical companies stress ethics in their work is because it would severely damage their profits. However, putting an emphasis on patient care shows an increase in profits. Maung Min, author of “Should Pharmaceutical Companies Engage in Corporate Social Responsibility?” discusses how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) impacts pharmaceutical companies’ revenues. CSR can be defined as the way companies positively impact society, which emphasizes social standards over monetary gain. The findings of this paper show that 96 percent of companies who engage in CSR see it positively impact profitability. (Min 64) Alternatively, pharmaceutical company proponents argue the industry is constantly researching new methods of treatment to better old ones. While true in theory, the reality of pharmaceutical companies is they are not focusing on these new treatments, and instead rebranding drugs already on the market. Instead making a drug from scratch that has an extremely low probability of working, companies choose to make a drug

Over the past couple of decades, a sudden change has started to take over the way business is done. The time when no rules applied, and anyone could do what they pleased at the cost of others or the environment is rapidly ending. Instead, companies today have become aware that it is essential for them to employ ethics and morality in their actions, if not they will be heavily scrutinized and rejected by the public. This way of thinking also applies to the pharmaceutical industry, which over the past century has been rapidly expanding. Do to the fact that this industry can determine the health and lives of millions of people, it is imperative that this industry follow an ethical and moral path.

Rights-based theory matches my moral argument, as I am against continuing to support the city zoo. The issue lies with animals being confined in zoos for conservation and entertainment purposes and are not being able to live their lives in a way that God created for them. Meaning, animals are not enjoying their natural habitat, building their hunting skills, and living healthier lives. Which brings me to my response on the issue, animals should no longer be confined in zoos for entertainment purposes, they should be set free to roam in their natural habitat; I feel that it is morally wrong to confine them for entertainment purposes.

Both utilitarian and deontological philosophies are individually of importance in medical ethics. As an employee of Northwell Health, it is mandatory to view an interactive module on corporate compliance on a yearly basis. The module touches upon ethics as it applies to the organization, completing the module indicates your compliance. As an employee it is not enough to exercise one of the philosophies, it is my responsibility to act as a moral agent while keeping in mind the consequences of such

PharmaCARE needs to make several changes in order to become more ethical. Firstly, PharmaCARE should pay the Colberians a fair wage for labor and also offer free healthcare. PharmaCARE should offer back-pay to make-up for any time of any under payment. While it is true that the company provides its employees with economic benefits, their compensation toils in comparison to its executives. While lower level employees should not expect PharmaCARE to provide all of its workers with the same amount of compensation of an executive level, it should at least raise compensation to poverty line standards. Secondly, no matter the amount of information or labor wanted for the purpose of making a profit should be compensated. PharmaCARE needs to stop

The theory of moral responsibility by Aristotle will be used as a foundation to analysis the moral responsibility on dream. The theory is used because Aristotle is the earliest philosopher who discuss about moral responsibility in Nicomachean Ethic. Aristotle concept of moral responsibility is focus on “the role of knowledge in taking the proper course of action” (Hsieh). According to Aristotle, moral responsibility is the notion that “it is sometimes appropriate to respond to an agent with praise or blame on the basis of her actions and/or dispositional traits of character” (Eshleman). This concept similar to Plato’s ideas that “the issue of moral responsibility primarily arises as a result of the investigations into the connection between knowledge, desire, and right action; his discussions generally center around whether those who desire evil do so knowingly or due to ignorance or error” (Hsieh). However, the notion of moral responsibility by Aristotle is more complex and details.

America would not be where it is without the laws that have been placed and the citizens who follow the laws. In order for this to happen the knowledge and acceptance of the laws are needed to establish order. African Americans had been secluded in the past through harsh laws of segregation. Although many believe disobeying the law is morally wrong and if disobeyed a punishment should follow, Martin Luther King’s profound statement, “One has the moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws” (King 420) leads to greater justice for all which is also supported by King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Jefferson’s “ The Declaration of Independence,” and Lincoln’s

At eighteenth century, the cost of increasing development of capitalism is anomie: people chasing material life insanely even sacrifice others’ benefits. Because of this, Adam Smith, a successful philosopher and economist, released that the original morality principle was not suitable for that society anymore, and it needed to build another new theory system to suit the developing society. He wrote two masterpieces that proposed his ideas: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, which discusses the human development by analysing the human emotion, and The Wealth of Nations, which summarises the development of capitalism and it is also a foundation for today’s economy. This essay will analyse the self-interest, plays as a motivator role in morality and economy field, and benefits the development in that society. Moreover, will suggest some limitations of Smith’s idea.

Utilitarianism focuses more on the consequences of an action. Using this method, if an action "produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number," the action is ethical. Pharmaceutical companies should perform a cost-benefit analysis to assess the effects of a certain drug and/or decision. After this assessment, drug companies should choose the option that produces the greatest amount of good. By following this method, sometimes an action may not seem ethical at first, but utilitarianism focuses more on the end result, and this is what pharmaceutical companies usually use to determine how to react to a certain situation.