The 's Work Sex And Temperament

Lastly Margret Mead, a respected cultural anthropologist, who was known for her research and reports made on sexual attitudes throughout the South Pacific and Southeast Asia in the 1960s. Mead was a frequent speaker and well-known author who was well educated and obtained her Masters and PH. D. In her writings she even proposed the idea that it was possible that an individual 's sexual orientation could evolve throughout their life. She studied many cultures and tribes that through observation showed that the gender specific roles were very much differentiated than the normal role of the man and woman in her society. Each of these women in each different ear of history made their mark by

Mead concluded that gender roles were dependent on cultures. In most societies, women are the careers and the men breadwinners but this is not the case all over the world.

Derek Freeman in his work Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, discusses Margaret Mead’s fieldwork in Samoa in 1925 under the recommendation of her then professor Franz Boaz. Freeman maintains that the conclusion reached by Mead, that stresses associated with adolescence in the United States and other areas had cultural not biological causes, is wrong. Freeman’s work complies the evidence Freeman believes supports his claim that the conclusion reached by Mead was mistaken. Derek Freeman states that upon starting his field work in the islands of Western Samoa, he considered himself a cultural determinist. However, after two years within the field, he found that much of the work written by Mead in eastern

Anthropologist Margaret Mead addressed the differences in temperament found between men and women in her book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935). In this study she concluded that sex has no bearing on social traits and the temperament of an individual. Her research looked at whether masculine or feminine traits are innate or learned. She also questioned whether men and women differ because of nature (heredity) or nurture (socialization). She concludes that cultural conditioning is more important than biology in shaping the behavior of women and men. The observed differences in temperament between men and women are not a function of their biological differences. Rather, they result from differences in the socialization

Mead’s “theory of self” is based on the perspective that the self emerges from social interactions, such as observing and interacting with others, responding to others' opinions about oneself, and internalizing external opinions and internal feelings about oneself. The social aspect of self is an important distinction. That’s because other sociologists and psychologists of Mead's time felt that the self was based on biological factors and inherited traits. This was the normal and conventional type of mindset from psychologists at the time. According to Mead, the self is not there from birth, but instead it is developed over time from social experiences and activities.

The central object of Mead’s study, Coming of Age in Samoa (1928), was to determine whether or not:

As Mr. Mead did not have free choice to choose a wife, Equality was also restricted in his choice of social partners. Not being able to be social with whom one chooses has a negative effect upon them. Without being able to socialize with a partner or anyone at all, ideas and information cannot be spread and influenced by other people, making society less productive and void of creativity.

There is a division between males and females from puberty and into life. This division is most highly expressed in labor. As is typical for many societies, men hunted, fished, went to war, while females collected plants and took care of children. The subarctic people are a hunter-gatherer society. Women in this society are inferior to men. They were not treated well and often beaten by their husbands (Sutton, 87).

Margaret Mead anthropologist born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania on16 Dec, 1901. Daughter of Edward Sherwood Mead, a University of Pennsylvania economist, and Emily Fogg, a sociologist, social reformer, and a social scientist. Mead’s education included collecting data for observation and documenting. Mead 's early experimental training aids to explain why she became one of the eminent women scientists of her time. Mead 's course can be practically divided into two stages--before World War II, when she earned her baccalaureate degrees and managed more than twenty expeditions in the South Pacific, and later in the war, when she became more and more the social scientist. Mead obtained her B.A. in psychology from Barnard College in 1923; Mead acquired both her M.A. in psychology in 1925 and her Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University in 1929. Mead 's original bestseller, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization (1928), an observation of adolescence, blasted to her fame. Another of Mead’s popular book, Growing Up in New Guinea (1930), concentrated on the initial period of child development. Lastly Mead’s Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935) is based on Mead 's related experimentation between 1931-1933 on New Guinea 's Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli people. In Mead’s work Sex and Temperament, Mead argued that each culture also appointed different types of personality characters to appoint to males and

Women all over the world have been mistreated for more than a century. It has been exploited throughout the world as how “women aren’t currently treated the same as men in certain situations” but it is far more beyond that. Only half of the world seems to at least know what is really happening behind the curtain. Ambiguous people have manipulated the very much realness with what is exactly taking place in our society. In this essay, I will be talking about the following things; Inequity in the workplace, “Asking for it”, Violence against women globally, Education, and The psychology of it all. These five topics need to be demanded attention. Our younger generation needs to be cognizant of what has been going on for many millenniums. Girls and women should be able to walk around at night and not be afraid, nor should they be afraid to oppose another man. There is no real justification on why women should be treated like this but there is plenty of justification on why they shouldn 't, so genuinely why is this problem happening? Some of the books that I read to have mostly validation on this paper from other human beings but also to enlighten myself even more that I already am. “Subjection of Women” by John Stuart Mill, “Created Equal: Voices on Women 's Rights” by Anna Horsbrugh-Porter, and “Equal Pay for Equal Work” by Grace C. Strachan. I chose these three texts because each one yet talks about the same thing but has a little bit of a different perspective on each. I

Female to Male as Nature is to Culture Gender relations form an integral part of human social interactions and are of great interest to anthropologists. Since the feminist movement in the late 1960s, one question that has been discussed is to what extent the opposition between women and men can be thought of in terms of the dichotomy between nature and culture and what implications this has for the position of women in society. This structuralist perspective was first formulated by Ortner (1974), drawing on Levi-Strauss and de Beauvoir, but has since been criticised for being simplistic and ethnocentric. I will delineate Ortner’s argument and look at its application to male and female roles in

I thought the Greer chapter on "Masculinity" to be quite frivolous in her observation of men. She obviously spent too much time in pool halls, taverns and soldier barracks performing research. I did not find it fair or helpful to compare an entire gender to the basest subset of the male population. Greer’s thirst to assign stereotypes to men invalidated much of her "research" and conclusions in my viewpoint. I found Meade to be difficult to read and understand, but I liked that she performed some immersive and exhausting research on her subjects. I do believe that society places some expectations on people based on their sex. However, I think society places a lot expectations on people, and people act differently based on their society. Society

Mead wrote a lot on the differences between men and women, and often tackled controversial social topics. In her text titled Coming of Age in Samoa, she discussed and noted her views and opinions on success.

From the very beginning, Mead digresses, “It is, very simply, an account of how three primitive societies have grouped their social attitudes towards temperament about the very obvious facts of sexual difference” (viii). In this sentence, she was stating bluntly that she was not bringing in any personal bias, and that she was acting as a pair of eyes to look into these societies with no filter altering their true state. In terms of focusing on the “general, dominant culture” aforementioned, she mentioned several times generalizations of the entire culture. On page 221 she points to the “almost complete uniformity with which Aparesh children develop”, on page 222 she uses the term “homogenous culture” and later, overlapping onto 223 refers to sex-based personality differences as “differently standardized (Mead). Within the course of even three pages, she makes several hints towards focusing on what is common within a culture, and focusing and reporting nearly solely on that.

There are roles played out by the male and the female that have remained stable and consistent throughout all walks of life for most of our existence. When we study almost any species of being, we see distinctly different jobs carried out by each member of a family. While our text would cite otherwise, I still believe the practical aspects of gender is universal. There are exceptions to every rule in nature and every culture will vary in it's beliefs and traditions, which would allow for the findings of Ms. Mead in her study of New Guinea. Our text does acknowledge that "men are favored in all of the world's societies," which would show the need for change. However, when we truly examine what it is the feminists are trying to accomplish, we can link the feminist movement to the disintegration of the family unit as it is known to be. The proper functioning of a family relies greatly on the division of responsibility. In general, most societies have relied on the male to take on the figure of authority, while the female would tend to the raising of the children and domestic matters. To some this might seem a repressive role for a woman to place herself in, yet it is her role that keeps the family intact. These role distinctions are rooted in biology and remain present and unchanged