Beautiful Black: Counter Rhetoric of Shame and Anger
Abstract The epitome of ideal beauty from a long time has been largely depicted as a woman with light complexion and blue eyes mostly. It wasn’t possible for women of colour to be classified as ideal beauty while white women hardly struggled to achieve this ideal. Jamaica Kincaid’s Annie John is a profound inspection of the creation of racialised and gendered identities in fictional texts. In the novel, Kincaid confronts Western standards of beauty and demonstrates that the concept of beauty is socially constructed. The major themes of a postcolonial nature like multicultural diversity, ethnic medicinal practices edging on superstition, racism, colonial hangovers, cultural domination by
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She can never be separated from her mother who is the world to her. On another plain the mother is a metaphorical representation of her attachment to the island country she lives in. Black is literally beautiful at this stage for the little girl. Her mother Anne is the model of an island beauty, her black complexion is coupled by her confidence and discipline. Her father is a carpenter and he too dotes on her. Annie loved her life in the island of Antigua full of multicultural diversity. Their life was devoid of complications and hence very happy and satisfying when Annie was small. The marriage of Annie’s parents was picture perfect while others in Antigua had different tales of relationships. Before his marriage Mr. John had lived with many women who gave birth to many of his children. Yet as the story begins there is no affection anymore and he looked at them like strangers. The fishermen Nigel and Earl shared the “same wife, a woman called Miss. Catherine” (Annie John 122). The girl takes in these various aspects of her island home in its essential entirety. The people were happy in their beautiful black skins. Such were the various diversities seen in the
In "A Woman's Beauty: Put-down or Power Source," Susan Sontag portrays how a woman's beauty has been degraded while being called beautiful and how that conceives their true identity as it seems to portray innocence and honesty while hiding the ugliness of the truth. Over the years, women have being classified as the gentler sex and regarded as the fairer gender. Sontag uses narrative structure to express the conventional attitude, which defines beauty as a concept applied today only to women and their outward appearance. She accomplishes this by using the technique of contrast to distinguish the beauty between men and women and establishing a variation in her essay, by using effective language.
Oceans cover most of the Earth. They are essential for our environment since they produce more than half of the oxygen in the atmosphere. Without our vast sea, humankind would not be able to survive. In Annie John, written by Jamaica Kincaid water is demonstrated as a motif in the literature showing the coming-of-age story of a young girl in the Caribbean. The protagonist, Annie, grows up learning how to properly balance the values of the colonial world and the native Caribbean culture, Obeah through her mother’s parenting. Kincaid uses the motif of water as a tool of empowerment to Annie’s growth by curing, nurturing, and transforming her.
Kincaid, Jamaica.“Girl”. In The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 541-542. Print.
In the context of physical appearance, black woman are only featured with body parts- mainly their “large, rotund behind” (Perry 137). The presentation of the face is mainly limited to white or lighter-complexioned women. The highest idealization of women is one that possesses a “‘high-status’ face combined with a highly sexualized body read by the viewer as the body of a poor or working-class woman” (Perry 137). Perry further substantiates her claim by stating that “women are created or valued by how many fantasy elements have been pieced together in their bodies” (137). She debunks the opposition arguing that the bodies of black women are appreciated by pointing out that only a minority of black women have such attributes, and those without are pressured and struggle to achieve such proportions.
Oceans are essential for our environment since they produce more than half of the oxygen in the atmosphere covering about seventy percent of the Earth. Without our vast oceans, humankind would be unable to survive. In Annie John, by Jamaica Kincaid, utilizes water as a motif to show the growth and develop of Annie, a young girl in the Caribbean. Learning how to properly balance the values of the colonial world and the native Caribbean culture, Obeah, Annie grows up through her mother’s parenting. Kincaid uses water as a tool of empowerment to Annie’s growth by curing, nurturing, and transforming her.
Oceans cover most of the Earth. They are essential for our environment since they produce more than half of the oxygen in the atmosphere. Without our vast sea, humankind would be unable to survive. In Annie John, written by Jamaica Kincaid water is demonstrated as a motif in the literature showing the coming-of-age story of a young girl in the Caribbean. The protagonist, Annie, grows up learning how to properly balance the values of the colonial world and the native Caribbean culture, Obeah through her mother’s parenting. Kincaid uses the motif of water as a tool of empowerment to Annie’s growth by curing, nurturing, and transforming her.
Marguerite finds white skinned, long blonde hair, and blue eyes to be characteristics of the ideal beautiful girl. She perceives herself as a “too-big Negro girl, with nappy black hair, broad feet and a space between her teeth that would hold a number-two pencil." This shows that Marguerite associates her black traits with ugliness. I feel like the standard of beauty in the Asian culture for girls is a slim figure, light complexion, and flawless skin.
Elaine Potter Richardson, more famously known as Jamaica Kincaid, is recognized for her writings that suggest depictions of relationships between families, mainly between a mother and daughter, and her birth place, Antigua, an island located in the West Indies. She is also familiarized with Afrocentrism and feminist point of views. Kincaid’s work is filled heavily with visual imagery that produces a mental picture in readers that helps them connect stronger to the reading. An example of this really shines through in her short story piece, “Girl.” This short story describes the life of a lower class woman living in the West Indies, and also incorporates thick detailing between the relationship between her and her mother. Jamaica Kincaid structures the story as if her mother is speaking to her. She writes broad, but straight to the point, allowing readers to imagine to picture her experience. Kincaid uses visual imagery and repetition consistently throughout “Girl” to reveal the theme and tone of the story; conflictual affair between a mother and daughter.
The mother-daughter relationship is a common topic throughout many of Jamaica Kincaid's novels. It is particularly prominent in Annie John, Lucy, and Autobiography of my Mother. This essay however will explore the mother-daughter relationship in Lucy. Lucy tells the story of a young woman who escapes a West Indian island to North America to work as an au pair for Mariah and Lewis, a young couple, and their four girls. As in her other books—especially Annie John—Kincaid uses the mother-daughter relationship as a means to expose some of her underlying themes.
Although embracement or celebrations of this stereotypically black feature may empower these women who reverse or redirect the hegemonic gaze that had been centered on their backsides for so long, these Eurocentric derived presumptions and idealizations of female blackness, nevertheless, remain. However, attempts to redefine these social constructions, while accentuating this feature Beyoncé refers to as “bootylicious,” has transformed beauty industries and ideas of sexual desirability which “subverts social hierarchies and normalcy” (Hobson 88). These redefinitions of beauty, more specifically, black beauty, from the “grotesque, carnivalesque body,” (Hobson 88) seeks “a healthier body image than their white counterparts” who are exclusively depicted as slender and petite (Durham 36-37). Thus, black women begin to visualize their own bodies and other black women bodies in ways that lead to non-sexualized, non-deviant conclusions. Challenging these “controlling images,” as Patricia Hill Collins identifies in Hobson’s article, only “unmirrors” black femininity and its history, a term Hobson cited from black artist and theorist, Lorraine O’Grady, because in order to “name ourselves rather than be named we must first see ourselves” (89). She later adds
beauty in her culture, Pecola must do the impossible: find white beauty. Toni Morrison shows
Jane has gotten used to cruelty and biased behavior towards her average looks, and develops a miserable self-esteem that believes the only possible way to describe her exterior is “plain”. This self-esteem prevents her from even beginning to recognize that anyone could appreciate her or find her beautiful in any manner. The society’s typical reactions and judgments shaped Jane’s self-esteem, and prevented her from receiving equal treatment as that of a beautiful woman.
The desire to feel beautiful has never been more in demand, yet so impossible to achieve. In the book “The Bluest Eye”, the author, Toni Morrison, tells the story of two black families that live during the mid-1900’s. Even though slavery is a thing of the past, discrimination and racism are still a big issue at this time. Through the whole book, characters struggle to feel beautiful and battle the curse of being ugly because of their skin color. Throughout the book Pecola feels ugly and does not like who she is because of her back skin. She believes the only thing that can ever make her beautiful is if she got blue eyes. Frieda, Pecola, Claudia, and other black characters have been taught that the key to being beautiful is by having white skin. So by being black, this makes them automatically ugly. In the final chapter of the book, the need to feel beautiful drives Pecola so crazy that she imagines that she has blue eyes. She thinks that people don’t want to look at her because they are jealous of her beauty, but the truth is they don’t look at her because she is pregnant. From the time these black girls are little, the belief that beauty comes from the color of their skin has been hammered into their mind. Mrs. Breedlove and Geraldine are also affected by the standards of beauty and the impossible goal to look and be accepted by white people. Throughout “The Bluest Eye” Toni Morrison uses the motif of beauty to portray its negative effect on characters.
Throughout all of history there has been an ideal beauty that most have tried to obtain. But what if that beauty was impossible to grasp because something was holding one back. There was nothing one could do to be ‘beautiful’. Growing up and being convinced that one was ugly, useless, and dirty. For Pecola Breedlove, this state of longing was reality. Blue eyes, blonde hair, and pale white skin was the definition of beauty. Pecola was a black girl with the dream to be beautiful. Toni Morrison takes the reader into the life of a young girl through Morrison’s exceptional novel, The Bluest Eye. The novel displays the battles that Pecola struggles with each and every day. Morrison takes the reader through the themes of whiteness and beauty,
Throughout Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye, she captures, with vivid insight, the plight of a young African American girl and what she would be subjected to in a media contrived society that places its ideal of beauty on the e quintessential blue-eyed, blonde woman. The idea of what is beautiful has been stereotyped in the mass media since the beginning and creates a mental and emotional damage to self and soul. This oppression to the soul creates a socio-economic displacement causing a cycle of dysfunction and abuses. Morrison takes us through the agonizing story of just such a young girl, Pecola Breedlove, and her aching desire to have what is considered beautiful - blue eyes. Racial stereotypes of beauty contrived and nourished by