The Struggle of the Sexes in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night The interchangeability of the sexes is a prevalent implication throughout William Shakespeare’ Twelfth Night. In fact, the concluding romantic pairings are only introduced, as well as established, at the very end of the play. In addition, gender, either assumed by one character or inferred by one character of another character, proves to be irrelevant when initial attractions develop between characters. This suggests that Shakespeare believed, “homoerotic and heterosexual love [were] not […] mutually exclusive in a person’s makeup” (Lindheim 692). His arbitrary portrayal of gender throughout the play thus creates a work of literature that strays from the conventions of the romance genre of the time. The romance genre has generally been characterized as:
“A quest undertaken by a single knight in order to gain a lady’s favour; frequently its central interest is courtly love, together with tournaments fought and dragons and monsters slain for the damsel’s sake; it stresses the chivalric ideas of courage, loyalty, honor, mercifulness to an opponent, and elaborate manners” (Abrams 48).
Twelfth Night can more accurately be defined as a subgenre of the romance, namely the romantic comedy:
“A love affair that involves a beautiful and engaging heroine (sometimes disguised as a man); the course of this love does not run smooth, yet overcomes all difficulties to end in a happy union” (Abrams 54).
While Twelfth Night fits into
Shakespeare's Twelfth Night examines patterns of love and courtship through a twisting of gender roles. The play centers on the lead female role and protagonist, Viola, who
All throughout Illyria, there is romance, passion, royalty, and an immense amount of gender stereotypes. William Shakespeare imagines the kingdom of Illyria to have very traditional norms for both women and men in his play Twelfth Night. In Scene 2 of Act 1, Viola, recently rescued from a shipwreck, hears about a duke named Orsino and instantly comes up with a plan to get closer to him. Her plan is to disguise herself as a boy who she will name Cesario and become one of Orsino's’ attendants. Right off the bat, we begin to see gender stereotypes. Why must Viola become a man in order to work for the duke? Elizabethan society “molded women into the form of the dutiful wife and mother” (Elizabethan Women). Viola could not have served duke Orsino as a woman because as a woman she was expected to work at home and be either a “dutiful wife [or a] mother”. Scene two prepares the audience for the idea of gender throughout the rest of the play. Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is very traditional play due to its ideas of gender stereotypes in Elizabethan society.
In spite of the promise of three weddings to be celebrated, the play concludes on a sour note when Feste, the clown, depicts life as grim, "for the rain it raineth every day" (Act V Scene i). They play’s primary central theme is that of the comic relationships between men and women. Furthermore, it illustrates the traditional, societal notions of “interdependence, and the newly emerging attitudes towards individual choice and personal desire, or as the play puts it, ‘will’” (Malcolmson 163). Although Twelfth Night is a story of love and courtship, nevertheless, it is also a “comedy of gender,” because of its ability to override the traditional Elizabethan notions of the female role through the characters of Viola and Olivia.
Romantic desire is struggle ingrained within William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, strained by the nature of homosexual love. The depths of human sexuality are explored in Twelfth Night through the relationships between Duke Orsino and Viola as Cesario, Olivia and Viola, and Sebastian and Antonio. Twelfth Night represents homoerotic love in both radical and conservative ways, while furthermore questioning the boundaries of gender and disguise depicted by the relationships featured in the play. Shakespeare’s work is profound, since the play acknowledges homosexual love without punishment, and challenges if love is truly determined by gender, while also upholding
The play Twelfth Night encapsulates what it meant to be a man and women throughout
Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an “appetite” that he wants to satisfy and cannot, at another point; he calls his desires “fell and cruel hounds”. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a
In Shakespeare’s play, Twelfth Night or What you Will, the characters are involved in a plot complete with trickery, disguise, and love. Each character is defined not by his or her gender or true identity, but by the role they are forced to take because of the complicated situation that arises. Unlike their gender, the speech the characters give an insight to their true personalities. In the Twelfth Night, the character Duke Orsino uses flowery and over-dramatic language, long poetic sentence structure, and melodramatic metaphors to display his overemotional romantic nature despite the different emotions in his various speeches.
This essay talks about how the understanding of sexuality and class in the play Twelfth Night has changed drastically over the past two or three decades. The primary argument is that it was unconventional that comedies altered social and historical perspective. She recognizes also that she contradicts herself in the first paragraph but she says that because she wants to have a better understanding of the entire play. Lindheim talks about how she wants to organize this essay by first stating her argument and what ideas she was to explore within her paper. She tells how she will set up her essay in the beginning but following immediately after, she talks about her evidence and expands upon those. I would not recommend this to anyone because it’s
Jean Reid Norman argues the differences between women and men throughout Shakespeare’s play, Twelfth Night. In the early ages, Viola was played by a male whether Viola was herself or Cesario but the question Norman states is, “Does she speak as a woman, even when wearing men’s clothes? Does she try to disguise feminine speech as part of her effort to fit into a male world?” (66) He gives examples from the play in which women and men are different in various ways from the way they speak to how they act. Throughout the play, Viola was really being herself disguised as Cesario.
“The course of true love never did run smooth,” comments Lysander of love’s complications in an exchange with Hermia (Shakespeare I.i.136). Although the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream certainly deals with the difficulty of romance, it is not considered a true love story like Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare, as he unfolds the story, intentionally distances the audience from the emotions of the characters so he can caricature the anguish and burdens endured by the lovers. Through his masterful use of figurative language, Shakespeare examines the theme of the capricious and irrational nature of love.
In 'Twelfth Night’, gender and sexuality in many ways add to the play’s themes of madness. 'Twelfth Night ' is a reflection of renaissance thought and culture, the renaissance was a transitional period from the medieval to the radical Elizabethan era. The culture of the time was a contradictory one, as from one aspect it was influenced by the patriarchal medieval time, where women were under the rule of men and seen as needing the protection of men, however, from another perspective, the culture was a changing one as women were starting to receive education and many humanists believed that women should be given more rights. The play reflects these attitudes and often challenges the social hierarchy and establishes ideas on gender roles, sexuality and cross-dressing. These factors indeed undermine the expectations of male and female behaviour, and in turn further the play 's theme of madness which has a comedic effect on the audience due to the shock humour it provides.
In Twelfth Night Shakespeare uses gender roles and cross dressing to create disguise. This creates a sense of gender ambiguity and this is what makes the audience laugh - but although it creates a sense of fun and liveliness it also examines
William Shakespeare conveys his ideas about many forms of love in the play Twelfth Night through his characters being involved in love in varying degrees. Despite Twelfth Night's comic plot set on the island of Illyria, Shakespeare paints the ambiguous picture of romance and infatuation throughout the play. Even though it is a story of the madness of love, it can as well be viewed as an essential celebration of romantic love.
Twelfth Night explores the various representations of love that are universal to the human experience.
According to Chris, Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’ touches on sensitive concepts within the society (1). Similar to the majority of his literary works, Twelfth Night captures the concept of love and how individuals use love through marriage to achieve power or a higher social status. Throughout the play, there is an apparent struggle for social status by the key characters. Lindheim asserts that there are some characters in the play, such as Antonio who would do everything within their means in order to achieve their sexual desires (2). For example, in a more traditional society or contemporary setting, Antonio could never hope of