Theodore Roosevelt Open Door Policy

After the war, internal conflicts emerged. In 1899, the Boxer Rebellion started with the opposition to foreign spheres of influence. They were angry about the missionaries, and legalization of opium. The Boxers massacred Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox missionaries everywhere and their leader called for a brutal anti Christian policy. But soon, the Great Powers came in the way and defeated them. This event only made the spheres more powerful. Then in 1901, the Boxer Protocol was announced and its intent was to execute

As a result of the Boxer Rebellion, the United States reiterated the Open Door Policy in an attempt to preserve Chinese entity and trading rights. China also had to continue paying indemnities because of the previous treaties. Feelings of contention lingered.

In 1902, the United States government dissented that Russian infringement in Manchuria after the Boxer Rebellion was a violation of the Open Door Policy. The point

Many European countries such as Germany, France, and Great Britain, as well as Russia, Japan and the United States wanted to gain control of the Chinese market and dominate the trade and goods of that country. The result of

The first cause for the Boxer Rebellion, was the anti-foreign stance in China. As a result of suffering humiliating defeats in both the first, and second Opium wars, China was forced to grant concessions to foreigners. Furthermore, they had to sign the “unequal treaties” which allowed the West to gain a significant amount of control over China. This left the Chinese population poverty-stricken, and angry at foreign powers. The economy became disrupted by the arrival of modernity and industrialism. According to historian David Silbey “Many Chinese worked in industries that were disrupted by the arrival of the railroad and the telegraph. There was a sense that China’s balance had been thrown out of whack by these modern innovations, and only by destroying the innovations and the foreigners who brought them could the balance be restored.”. The Chinese regarded the West as “foreign devils”, and wished to retain sovereignty and independence. They were extremely nationalistic. Mark Twain addressed the boxer rebellion in 1900.

Roosevelt’s most famous foreign policy was definitely the Panama Canal. Roosevelt created the National Bird Preserve. He was the president that had set aside land for some national parks and natural preserves. Theodore Roosevelt had strongly promoted the Conservation Movement.

First, we will look at aspects of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency as they pertain to issues of foreign policy and diplomacy. Famous for his “cowboy demeanor” and unwavering bravado, Roosevelt was once quoted talking about his diplomatic philosophy, noting that one should “speak softly and carry a big stick”. (Morrissey) This statement came to typify what pundits referred to as his “big stick ideology”, or a foreign policy founded in political realism, that operated on the notion of “peaceful”

America’s interest with China’s market grew and they became more aggressive to secure their presence in Asia, which almost brought them to war with Germany. In the 1890’s China was split into portions of influence by the European nations so Secretary of State John Hay recommended the Open Door Policy, which promised access to trade to all major powers in China instead of splitting China into portions.

According to document number ten the US spread economic ideas by introducing the Open Door Policy to establish order throughout China. According to the textbook American travelers had been traveling to China since 1784. Hawaii was a convenient stop on the way to China for fuel and other supplies. In 1844 the US gained trading privileges with China. The

After The Boxer Rebellion, many aspects of Chinese society changed. The rebellion ended with the signing of The Boxer Protocol, on September 7 1901. In the agreement, forts and walls protecting Beijing were to be destroyed. Also Chinese government officials that supported the uprising were to be punished. China was to stop importing arms for two years and was forced to pay more than 330 million in reparations to foreign nations involved.

John Hay called for all the countries that had business and were active within China to do away with their advantages economically for their very own citizens that were in their spheres of influence. He also suggested that the Chinese apply tariffs universally to all countries and that they only be collected by the Chinese and no other countries. The other countries did not fully agree with the ideas presented within the open door policy, but none of them openly denounced or opposed any of

he Western powers and Japan organized a multinational force to crush the rebellion, the siege stretched into weeks, and the diplomats, their families and guards suffered through hunger and degrading conditions as they fought to keep the Boxers at bay. By some estimates, several hundred foreigners and several thousand Chinese Christians were killed during this time. On August 14, after fighting its way through northern China, an international force of approximately 20,000 troops from eight nations (Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) arrived to take Beijing and rescue the foreigners and Chinese Christians.

This policy was issued by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal advantages among the countries that traded with China. This policy was formed in the desire of U.S businesses to trade with Chinese markets. China’s Open Door Policy was mostly accepted universally and was the American foreign policy in East Asia for over four decades. The policy exercised the claim that all countries should have equal access to any of the ports in China that was open for trading.

The first cause for the boxer rebellion, was the anti-foreign stance in China. After suffering humiliating defeats in both the first, and second Opium wars, China was forced to grant concessions to foreigners. Along with this, they had to sign the “unequal treaties” which allowed the West to gain a significant amount of control over China. This left the Chinese population poverty-stricken, and angry at the foreigner. The economy became disastrously disrupted by the arrival of industrialism and modernity. According to historian David Silbey “There was a logic to the anti-foreign sentiment: Many Chinese worked in industries that were disrupted by the arrival of the railroad and the telegraph. There was a sense that China’s balance had been thrown out of whack by these modern innovations, and only by destroying the innovations and the foreigners who brought them could the balance be restored.”. They regarded the West as “foreign devils”, and wished to keep sovereignty and independence. They were extremely nationalistic. Mark Twain

It is in fact plausible that foreign intervention played a role in influencing some of the change between 1900-1912. The introduction of such heavily influenced western reforms resulted in further hatred of the foreign occupiers and thus sparking the launch of an anti-westerners campaign, known as the Boxer Rebellion. Consequences of tighter western controls took place, including further foreign presence and involvement, which was explicit in the humiliating imposition of punitive measures. These sanctions consisted of a $450 million reparation, weaponry destroyed and the permanent stationing of foreign troops in and around Beijing. The punishments brought about an atmosphere of utter embarrassment and fear but also encouraged a lack of distrust in the Manchus; the event validated the imperial government’s incapability to lead China to liberation. Although the financial cost caused some apprehension, it didn’t amount to economic turmoil – the penalties actually caused a change in the nation’s perception towards the Manchu dynasty as opposed to an economic transformation. The reparations led the Chinese to have an increasingly negative stance towards the dynasty, diminishing any respect the imperial rulers upheld.