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Theoretical Perspectives On Asset Price Bubbles

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Asset prices are a key determinant of economic activity, impacting both consumption and private investment. Consequently, fluctuations in asset prices, especially the bursting of bubbles, can have significant adverse effects on the aggregate economy. This was most recently demonstrated by the bursting of the US sub-prime mortgage bubble and the ensuing financial crisis. Furthermore, asset prices in Australia have recently been in the spotlight, as there are concerns about a potential real-estate bubble developing in some metropolitan centres. This paper will outline the theoretical perspectives on asset price bubbles and explain historic examples. The insights from this analysis can be applied to analyse whether a bubble is developing in …show more content…

However, these theories only apply to assets with infinite lives (land and shares), as investors know that assets with finite terms will be redeemed for a specified value at maturity and this limits their secondary market price. According to Froot and Obstfeld, bubbles result from investors incorrectly estimating fundamentals. For example, shareholders may be unable to forecast industry changes that affect future profitability and are forced to condition expectations of future cash-flows on current payments. This ‘intrinsic rational bubble’ theory explains several empirical observations, including why share prices over-react to dividend changes.
New Rational Models and Misaligned Incentives
These models emphasise the role of incentives in promoting bubbles. Key insights from these studies are that bubbles may be propagated by herding behaviour among financial intermediaries, distortions in the data distributed by information agencies and limited liability.
According to Lamont and Frazzoni, investors tend to allocate funds towards intermediaries investing in high sentiment markets, thereby forcing managers to perpetuate bubbles. This behaviour was a significant contributor to the dotcom bubble observed between 1997 and 2000. It has also been highlighted that the reputation of a financial intermediary is correlated with the performance of

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