Theories Of Lens

How will a consumer decide whether to purchase a good? When a consumer purchases a good, what does this reveal?

theories. It focuses on two seperate issues: the meaning people give to traits, actions and

Worldviews are depicted as solutions to clarify the phenomenon we experience. Groothuis gives criteria for assessing worldviews like they were hypotheses about the world.13

Dear Past Murray, this is your present-day self. I am writing this letter to help guide you in your journey through the Masters of Counselling graduate program. You are going to experience a fundamental shift in your perspectives on human nature and the nature of change. Currently, your point of view and insights are limited to a behaviorist context (Skinner, 2012) and to a behavior analysis approach (Fee, A., Schrieber, E, Nobel, N. Valdovinos, M, 2016). This has served you well in your work with youth and young adults with challenging behaviors. However, as you start this journey you have started to ask yourself what theory to follow. The answer to this question will be found when you take a step back from the various models of counselling to look at what really makes a difference to client outcomes and to develop a

In class we have been discussing the analogy of perspectives. A perspective is a way of seeing, also thought of as a ‘point of view’. This mental view or outlook can both enhance and constrain how we view the world in our own eyes. In the field of psychology and sociology there are many ways to perceive our world in which we live. No one perspective alone can define the world. Each perspective has its own distinctive strengths and blind spots. In class we have discussed different theories and analogies to better understand the complexity of perspectives.

The next point of view is from an ancient philosopher by the name of Plato. He believes that people are often detached from true reality. He claims that people oftentimes accept the world as it is first seen and we heavily rely on our senses to guide us, however, he points out that our senses are not necessarily reliable and that we need to use our reasoning abilities to find truth.

A worldview is a system of beliefs that we model our lives after. It is how we perceive the world and others around us (Rusbult, n.d.). A person’s worldview is affected by how he/she is raised, his/her culture, his/her living situation (Rusbult, n.d.). A person’s parents and upbringing plays an important part in how that person interacts with others and thinks. A world view is like wearing colored glasses (Gutierrez, 2014). The way we see things, or perceive things, is based on the color of the glasses we are wearing. Where did we get these colored glasses? We obtain our “worldview glasses” from our parents, our culture, our friends, the media, and our religious beliefs. (109 words)

The difference between the objective and interpretive theories is quite simple when first looked at. As one digs deeper, it is harder to grasp the more important concepts within each theory. The interpretive theory is driven more by self-interest and the surrounding environment. The objective theory on the other hand differs in the sense that it’s more scientific and evidence based. In order to be considered a “good” objective theory, it must go beyond the collection of data to predict future events. The objective theory is superior to its counterpart theory because it can predict some future events, remains simple within its theory, includes a testable hypothesis and is all about quantitative research.

Understanding the differences and similarities of interpretive and objective theory approaches is key to further expand one’s knowledge of communication studies. Author of A First Look at Communication Theory Em Griffin, describes interpretive theories as “the linguistic work of assigning meaning or value to communicative texts; assumes that multiple meanings or truths are possible” (Griffin, p.15). He also defines objective theory as “the assumption that truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation; committed to uncovering cause-and-effect

This interpretive strategy is available because interpretive communities have background knowledge on what they’re giving meaning to. The background knowledge can be as simple as knowing how a classroom setting works, Fish demonstrates. Fish’s argument that in order to use interpretive strategies a certain amount of background knowledge is required is portrayed with another effective anecdote, he references the action of raising your hand while in a classroom. Of course to those who’ve had classroom experiences and understand the norms of a classroom setting understand that this gesture is used when a student wants to speak or ask a question during class, but to someone who has never once been in a classroom setting would have absolutely no idea what this gesture implies. The person without classroom experience could presume that the student in the back of the classroom flailing his arm in the air is simply trying to swat a fly or point to the fluorescent ceiling lights. Without that cultural background knowledge it’s hard to interpret what it is that the students who’s raising his hand is doing, the same goes with interpretive communities. An interpretive community has the ability to give meaning and purpose to a situation, text, poem, etc. because they have required previous knowledge and experiences that have allowed them to do such. Referencing back to the

People view the world in a variety of different ways due to customs, thoughts, beliefs, and life styles. Each factor contributes to the development of one’s worldview, either formed individually or through a group. Some of these influencing factors include: language, culture, and religion.

Everyday, every minute, and every second consumers are making decisions on whether or not they should purchase a given product. The product could be as small as a candy bar to as big as a car. The processes that flow inside the mind of a consumer when making a decision is both psychologically and economically based. So, understanding the process is central to making rationally based decisions. However, this decision is not only important to the consumer purchasing the product, it’s also of important significance to the marketers and policy makers. Reasons why making decisions can be so difficult is that the consumer is dealt with many alternatives, and with the rapid pace in technology this is making it more difficult.

The purpose of this research is to examine consumer behavior on Black Friday. Black Friday is typically the busiest shopping day of the year, and it is all driven by the chance for consumers to save the most amount of money possible while getting their holiday shopping done. Research was done online, and also through personal experiences. By understanding what retailers and consumers hope to accomplish on this day can have a positive impact on everyone. Consumers are able to get what they want with the least amount of turmoil, and retailers are able to turn a profit. This research can be most helpful to merchants, as it will help them to understand what a consumer

“Theoretical lens” refers to a set of assumptions made, that are composed of factors such as past experiences, cultural background, and religion. This concept can be problematic when a society attempts to assume the way things will be and turn out to be unexpected. Dennis Phillips explains, “people often learn to understand things based on the set of theories and belies with which they were raised.”(Seminar 1, June 1) In child development, “theoretical lens” of developing countries can ultimately hurt the way a society views the progress of its future generations. Additionally, outcomes that are outside of the “theoretical lens” are often rejected, which can cause distress to those individuals who are not conforming to these expectations. Different countries have different assumptions about how the world works and the role that each individual plays in it. These individuals, such as children, across the globe have different expectations from society based on the region’s “theoretical lens.” For example “the main issues facing young people in India will be the school versus work, the tradition of early arranged marriages, the caste system, and the rights of women.” (Gielen, 2004) The expectations of Indian culture are completely different from those found in the United States for young people. The culture difference is key in how new generations will develop in accordance to societies expectations. A young person in

Light, a concept that has been worked with for many years dating back to 500 B.C. Pythagoras hypothesized that humans perceive light due to the human eyes ability to emit rays upon the environment and the emittance gives a human his or her sight (Sekuler). Afterward, human intellectuals started making it more concise to present day knowledge of light. This development of light came from two intellectuals named Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton. Newton exclaimed during the 1700s that light was a stream of particles carrying energy but Huygens, Newton’s contemporary, thought that light needed this invisible “ether” in order for these streams to make light travel. Then, a couple hundred years later, modern scientists such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Young, and Augustin Fresnel proved Isaac’s and Huygens’ hypotheses of light (Rossing, 23-24). This is how the basis of light was created.