Theories Of Mass Incarceration

Society is dependent on mass incarceration to protect all institutions from the dysfunctions. Mass incarceration is a consequence for those that do not want to provide a positive role in society. The penal system’s purpose is to correct the behavior of individuals and return them back to society to provide positive role. It is dependent on the correction officers to maintain order. It is dependent on companies to provide food, medical, counseling, utilities and social services to operate effectively. Companies provide jobs to individuals to ensure that the demand for these necessities are met. Thus the responsibility is shared from all institutions to provide and sustain order in

The huge crime drop suggests that also smaller amount of people are taking part in crime or that people who do take part are obliging crimeless often. On the other hand a civilisation’s rate of crime is not a meek combination of the number of “crime-prone” entities with specific psychological or biological features. The impression that crime is communal rather than individual is a conspicuous melody in much of the finest new-fangled research. The crime drop partially imitates the effort of organisations that are unambiguously intended to escalate social control, but then again it as well imitates variations in further institutions aimed to achieve diverse societal purposes. No debate of current U.S. crime inclinations would be comprehensive without bearing in mind the U.S. prison inhabitants. For the reason that imprisonment rose so quickly, it is alluring to point the lion’s segment of the crime drop to the debilitating effects of prison. Numerous criminologists have faith that prisons are in fact criminogenic in the long-run, firming up criminal ties and unsettling non-criminal chances when convicts are unconfined. Looking at a study of the influence of imprisonment on crime, sociologist Bruce Western guesses that coarsely nine-tenths of the crime drop all through the 1990s would have happened without any variations in imprisonment, (Western, 2006). Economist Steven Levitt notes up to one third of the total drop to imprisonment. Increasing numbers of incarceration as a

In, “The Caging of America”, by Adam Gopnik explains the problems in the in the American criminal justice system focusing more on the prison system. Some of the struggles that Gopnik states in his article are mass incarceration, crime rate, and judges giving long inappropriate sentencings to those with minor crimes. He demonstrates that inmates are getting treated poorly than helping them learn from their actions. Using facts and statistics, Gopnik makes his audience realize that there is an urgent need of change in the American prison system. The main idea of Gopnik’s article is that the prison system needs to improve its sentencing laws because prisons are getting over crowed. Gopnik’s argument is valid because there is a problem in the sentencing laws that has caused a malfunction in the prison system as a whole.

Part 1 of the book highlights chapter 1 and 2, which talks about politics and the consequences of incarceration while chapter 2 talks about the politics of being punished within the united states, some sub topics between chapter 1 and 2 include problem ownership, philosophies, historic changes with the corrections policy throughout time and the economic impact of being incarcerated. Chapter 2 talks about the process in which politics can affect the outcome on crime and punishment, throughout the 1960s the criminal justice system has changed a lot especially correctional professionals who have brought issues to crime and its political forefront.

There is no question that mass incarceration is a worldwide epidemic that needs to be discussed and addressed. America has five percent of the world’s population, but 25 percent of the world’s prison population (Just Leadership USA, 2017) Various policies dated back centuries helped to create this problem of mass incarceration (Just Leadership USA, 2017). Today there are 2.3 million Americans incarcerated throughout the state, local, and federal jails (Just Leadership USA, 2017). New York City (NYC) houses approximately 10,000 inmates per year; 43.7% of these inmates are diagnosed with having a mental health disability (New York City Department of Corrections, 2017). 54% of the inmates on Rikers Island are arrested for a minor offense and should be able to fight their cases from home; however, in many instances the family members are of low socio-economic status and unable to post bail (New York City Department of Corrections, 2017). Minor offenses include loitering, jumping the turnstiles, unnecessary Parole / Probation violations, and trespassing. In many instances, it is the mentally ill and homeless individuals who are arrested for trespassing as they elect to sleep in the subways instead of taking residency in a shelter. Moreover, many of these offenses does not have to result in an arrest. Police officers have the autonym to let some of these individuals go with a warning, desk ticket, and/or summons.

MK Asante, in his book Buck: The Memoir, highlights the devastation of mass incarceration on the family structure and on individuals, particularly young individuals, who are incarcerated. Asante utilizes an informal tone and jargon the way in which the penal and justice systems dehumanizes those it is meant to reform. Asante’s informal approach and use of jargon turns the issue of mass incarceration into a conversation that engages readers. His feelings about the penal system and justice system are spelled out in the form of a narrative, thus making it easier for the reader to remain engaged. Brian Stevenson focuses on a variety of factors and their contribution to mass incarceration such as a lack of knowledge about mental health and the deterioration of one 's well being as a result of imprisonment. He utilizes anecdotes

Mass Incarceration is a huge problem in United States culture. No other country in the world incarcerates its population the way that America does. “The U.S. incarcerates more people than any country in the world – both per capita and in terms of total people behind bars. The U.S. has less than 5 percent of the world’s population, yet it has almost 25 percent of the world’s incarcerated population.” Worse yet the majority of the incarcerated individuals belong to a minority group despite not participating in illegal activity any more frequently than their white counterparts. Is the United States criminal justice system racist and if so what is the cause behind this racism. After the end of slavery, many southern black Americans traveled to the north to escape endless violence and discrimination. In the south they could only find low paying field jobs whereas in the northern cities there were steady factory jobs promised as well as the hope that discrimination could be escaped. The northerners while against slavery were not egalitarian and were not in favor of hoards of black Americans surging into their cities and taking jobs away from the white working poor. The need for social control by white Americans only grew with the population of black Americans living in the cities and working in the factories. The rhetoric of “law and order” first came about in the late 1950s as white opposition to the Civil Rights Movement was encouraged by southern governors and law enforcement.

Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a huge surge in the number of individuals in jail and in prison. Evidence suggests the mass imprisonment policy from the last 40 years was a horrible catastrophe. Putting more people in prison not only ruined lives, it disrupted families, prevented ex-prisoners to find housing, to get an education, or even a good job. Regrettably, the United States has a higher percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is increasing exponentially. The expense produced by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. Although people are incarcerated for a number of reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. By researching mass incarceration, I hope to get society to understand that incarcerating an individual not only effects the family, but we will look at the long term consequences on society and how the United States can remain safe and, at the same time, undo much of the damage that results from large-scale imprisonment.

There are over one hundred twenty correctional facilities within America continuously growing over time. Within these facilities, more than two million prisoners are kept for committing various crimes during their lifetime. Out of the many people detained in these prisons, African Americans make up a significant portion of this population. Specifically, African American males contribute to its high number of inhabitants. From this information, it can be inferred that many families are left without providers and support. With this in mind, many poor neighborhoods and African American families lacking one or more providers struggle to maintain stability with jobs, financial dependency and

Mass incarceration is a real problem that is currently affecting minority groups across America. Even though the U.S. is a country where everyone is equal to the eyes of the law no matter their race, it seems that is not the case anymore. Throughout, its history the U.S. government has taken advantage of minority groups and has manipulated its laws in order cast out those who aren’t considered worthy enough to belong to the American society. The time has come to put a stop to this discriminatory government and the time has come for the judicial system to change its laws and policies to give an equal opportunity to any human being. Race shouldn't define your future or the probabilities of someone going to prison. Everyone should be given an

In our society, there are many stereotypes for every race and ethnicity, but one of the most prevalent throughout most cultures, even among African Americans, is that most black men are criminals. This is something that, although I understand is not true, has become so ingrained in our society that it made me act differently unintentionally. Even if only in insignificant situation, such as keeping a watchful eye on my belongings when a black person was around or by simply being fearful when a black man was walking behind me, I knew my actions were prejudiced. It’s difficult to break a stereotype when statistics seem to prove it correct. The documentary The 13th and Michelle Alexander describe how mass incarceration, partly resulting from the

Hypothesis 1: Formerly incarcerated individuals with greater contact with family members during incarceration will report more positive family relationships after release than individuals with lower levels of family contact.

despite all the news and social media outlets? Why are today’s youth steadily getting younger and younger while going in. Why are numerous first guilty parties accepting the greatest punishment, for example, life for first offenses. I trust it begins at home instruct and converse with your kids at a youthful age about the reality and punishments of violations. Detainees ought to be permitted to go to the educational systems and converse with today's youth so they can know it's real and todays judicial system are putting youth that are younger and younger in. Functional Analysis and conflict theory helped to support my point of view while composing this paper. Functional Analysis helped me to better understand what are the problems and both solutions to the U.S crime problem.; how violations are profiting jail frameworks yet having negative outcomes on the adolescent. Conflict theory helped me to better see how corporate America and individuals in high power positions utilize their energy to manufacture these penitentiaries and control the weaker gatherings in America additionally saw regardless of the amount we educate our childhood a greater part of despite everything them wind up in the jail

Throughout time, many future students studying sociology have determined that scholars develop their work around certain aspects that they personally believe and analytically researched would not only had an affect the society during their time, but would also positively improve the aspects of ones’ social system in modern society. One major aspect that has been continuously work on with throughout all of sociology is the idea of how to improve the prison system… especially the modern social aspect of the private prison system. With this, a new theory is becoming modernized within the private prison system of America, and that particular theory is currently being recognized as the inmate swaying pendulum theory.

Ordinarily, bail was first introduced in the middle ages when crime rates were rising. Englanders needed to find a way to keep people out of prison there for they came up with the concept of the bail. Bail is a payment given by a defendant to ensure that they will return for a hearing. If the defendant fails to return for a hearing, they lose the bail money and a warrant for their arrest will be issued. The thought of the bail was later adapted in the Eighth Amendment. It seems that now bail is a mechanism to keep people in jail. Although this worked well for the Englander,s it's a serious issue today in America. Unfortunately, bail is a major cause of mass incarceration today.