Theory And Developments Of The Direct Injection, Stratified Charge Combustion Engine

An automotive engine extracts work from its chemical fuel by burning that fuel inside its cylinders and making the resulting burned gas do work on the engine. Most engines have at least four cylinders, each of which requires four strokes of the piston to extract work from the fuel. During the induction stroke, a piston moves out of the cylinder and the fuel and air enter it. During the compression stroke, the piston moves into the cylinder, compressing this fuel-air mixture to high density, pressure and temperature. An electric spark then ignites the mixture and converts it into extremely hot burned gas. During the power stroke, the piston again moves out of the cylinder while the hot gas does work on it. This work is what powers the car. Finally, during the exhaust stroke, the piston moves into the cylinder and

In today’s world there are many different engines that gets assembled in vehicles. The main difference in the engines are if they are gas or if they are diesel. While bearing some minor similarities, the differences between gas and diesel are remarkable.

Diesel is unique in relation to consistent gas and has a tendency to show signs of improvement miles per gallon. With gas costs nowadays, utilizing diesel is resembling a really decent alternative for a great deal of car proprietors. Since the thought is turning out to be more prevalent, there is a requirement for diesel masters.

The world we live in is surrounded by diesel engines. They are on the freeways, railways, airways, and are one of the leading electricity producers in the world. They are also becoming more popular in automobiles. These engines are efficient and reliable and they are getting very sophisticated. However, the physics behind these engines has not changed.

Archer, M. and G. Bell. 2002. “Advanced Electronic Fuel Injection Systems – An Emissions Solution

This paper serves as a guide to first time turbocharged vehicle owners. It will talk about stock vehicles and the upgrades required from stage 1 to stage 3 and their importance to the performance of the vehicle with each upgrade. It will also talk about minor supporting upgrades that will improve the vehicles overall performance. Stage 1 will require a Cold Air Intake (CIA), Cat Back Exhaust (CBE) and a tuner. Stage 2 requires a Front Mount Intercooler (FMIC) and upgraded tune. Stage 3 will require a downpipe and upgraded tune. With knowledge and the proper tuning capabilities

The performances achieved for IFCE and IMEP using this method are therefore unrealistically high and serve only as a general indication [3]. This Paper extends the previous investigations from [3] to real Atkinson cycles by using the simulation tool BOOST (AVL Co). This tool allows to take into consideration the true geometrical dimensions of the engine components (cylinder, valves, channels, pipes, manifolds, turbocharger, intercooler, silencer etc.) and the losses caused by friction and heat transfer along the intake and exhaust gas pipes. In addition, the power balance of turbochargers determines the actual boost pressure level of the engine. The turbochargers (TC) are modeled for these investigation in a simple manner. It describes the expansion process in the turbines (Tx) by means of their discharge coefficients while the air compaction in the compressors occurs up to a maximum pressure ratio, which depends on the available turbine output. To be able to simulate cycles with very high boost pressures as well, three intercooled TC are placed in line (three-stage turbocharging, see Fig. 1). When the boost pressure required for preserving the pressure limit on the cycle is low, the superfluous TC are kept in use (i.e. are not bypassed). The expansion and compression ratios of the turbines and compressors tend gradually toward 1, i.e. these TC switch off themselves thermodynamically. The asymmetrical crank mechanism used here

To increase the efficiency of the engines of the car, automotive engineers these days are recommending direct injection technology. (Refer to the picture below, it shows How the Direct Inject Engine work) Our car engines in this modern day, are not really that efficient (only 15% of the energy from the gasoline is actually converted into mechanical energy which is used to move the

This paper presents exergetic evaluation of single cylinder direct injection, water cooled diesel engine at varying operating conditions. Normally, first law of thermodynamics has been used to analyze the engine cycle process. However recent research indicates that the first law of thermodynamics is inadequate to study the diesel engine performance. Exergy analysis is used to determine in detail the amounts of losses in a system and locations where they occur, and the processes that cause them so the application of exergy analysis for diesel engine allows determining the sources of irreversibilities and obtaining more accurate information about engine efficiency. An Exergy-based performance analysis is based on the second law of thermodynamics that overcomes the limitation of an energy-based analysis.

The advent of stringent emission norms and depletion of fossil fuel resources led the engineers to work out new combustion technologies to substantially reduce harmful emission and to improve the overall efficiency of an IC Engine. Factors to be considered while designing a new combustion process are higher compression ratio, lean homogeneous air fuel mixture and complete combustion and instantaneous combustion, which leads to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). HCCI is a clean and efficient combustion process. In this paper an attempt is made to experimentally analyze the performance and emission characteristics of HCCI compression process taking place in Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) mode assisted with Pilot Injection as combustion initiator.

Fuel injection is a mandatory part of the combustion process. The chemical energy provided by the fuel allows the engine to transmit power for a myriad of uses in the marine industry including power and propulsion or a combination of the both. The results of combustion include heat and exhaust gases. These exhaust gases, in addition to cost, make fuel injection systems more important today than ever. The International Maritime Organization’s Marine Pollution Prevention annex VI has established new regulations for nitric oxides, and sulfur oxide emissions which are the by-products of fuel combustion. Electronic fuel injection systems play a important role in the reduction of these emissions by improving the efficiency of fuel combustion.

operation is that of igniting the charge by causing a spark to jump the gap

The main concern of today’s automobile industry is to reduce the amount of emissions (HC, CO, NOx) to meet stringent emission norms. These emission norms can be obtained by modification in in-cylinder combustion process or after treatment process. It’s not possible to achieve the emission norms by in-cylinder process alone. So, in this project, we make an attempt to reduce the emissions by the after treatment process. The scope of our project is to reduce emissions in both gasoline and diesel engines. In the after treatment process, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology dominates the heavy duty diesel engines and catalytic convertor plays an important role in the current era of gasoline engines.

In the past, in diesel engine fuel pressure was controlled mechanically and depending on the camshaft. Due to this geography lots of problems occurs like engine emission, engine torque, engine efficiency etc. To overcome these problem or for the better performance caterpillar invented new technology called Hydraulically actuated Electronic Unit Injection (HEUI) fuel systems.

Four stroke basic engine which has spark ignition system was invented more than a century ago. No doubt several changes and modifications are done in the field of 4 stroke engines. But development in technology and innovation always seek for development in efficiency. And Otto cycle