Theory Basaed Research Paper

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast nursing theorists from the four categories which are identified by Meleis as: Needs, Interaction, Outcome and Caring. (Meleis, 2012, Chapter 9) I have chosen Faye Abdellah, Imogene King, Myra Levine and Jean Watson as the grand theorists that I would like to explore for this study in contrast and comparison. This decision was made, in part, due to the fact that all of these theorists were born and educated in the twentieth century and I felt that their theories might be more applicable to my nursing practice. The information contained in the tables was obtained from several sources in an

As a Registered Nurse is a crucial component to ensure that there is effective communication between the nurse and patient. As well as being respectful to the person’s dignity, culture, values, beliefs and rights. This is because everyone is different, and due to this it is important that I am being cautious to each person’s individual needs.

It is no secret that communication is key when providing direct patient care in a skilled nursing facility. However, there is a noticeable lapse in the communication between the care team when providing care to the individual or groups of individuals. Two main parts of any care team are the registered nurse and the certified nursing assistant, as these are the two people whom have the most direct and impactful roles with residents in a skilled facility. The Registered Nurse and the Certified Nursing Assistant play similar roles in providing patient care, but have different roles in its entirety. The role of the Registered Nurse (RN) is defined as having the competency and skill to provide direct and indirect health care to individuals, their families, and communities around them. Services are also provided designed to give out medications, to promote comfort or healing, promote healing, and to also provide the dignity of their patients and patient’s families (American College of Rheumatology, 2015).

Not all patients are capable of independently identifying and articulate their care needs, so the nurse also adapts the role as an advocate. Clarity and continuity in a trusting environment enables good communication. Progressive identification of needs takes place as nurse and patient communicate with one another in the interpersonal relationship (Peplau 1988, p. 84). Being considerate to the needs and vulnerability of patients is a moral attribute, as nurses are accountable for the care they deliver.

The nurse understands she has the knowledge of the disease process, and the patient has the knowledge of how the disease affects himself. The second phase of the relationship is the working phase, where the patient identifies who can help them with their health care problem. The nurse looks at the health care problem from the patient perspective and begins educating the patient on their health care problem, therefore the educated patient is better able to collaborate with the nurse to determine what interventions are necessary and acceptable to the patient to achieve a patient centered health related goal. The termination phase is the final phase of the theory, the nurse and the patient determine how the patient will maintain their progress and continue to work on the health care goals independently without the assistance of nursing. (Deane, & Fain, 2016).

Nurses demonstrate the value of autonomy by acting on their own intuition daily to improve the quality of all aspects of human life. This is evident when a patient arrives into an urgent care center with an asthma attack. A prudent nurse will act autonomously by giving the patient a nebulizer treatment, place him on oxygen, or take the time to find out if there are standing orders and carry them out without a doctor’s order.

Since the early 1900’s nurses have been trying to improve and individualise patient care. In the 1970s this became more structured when the nursing process was introduced by the general nursing council (GNC), (Lloyd, Hancock & Campbell, 2007) .By doing this their intentions were to try and understand the patient in order to give them the best care possible (Cronin & Anderson, 2003). Through the nursing process philosophy care plans were written for patients. It was understood that this relationship would ensure the patient received the best care possible to suit them individually. This would consist of not just the patient as a physical being but their spiritual emotional and holistic being also (Cutler, 2010). The

Wit is a movie about a woman dying of cancer. It is a powerful drama that chronicles the last few months of her life. The recurring theme throughout the movie is the nurses’ role as the compassionate, caring individual who humanizes the main character. The nurse seems to be everywhere and able to do just about everything that is needed. The nurses’ sole purpose in this film is to promote healing, preserve dignity and respect the patient as a whole person. The nursing theorist strongly represented in this film is Jean Watson. . This paper explains Jean Watson’s theoretical concept how the nurse in the movie utilizes her nursing theory model.

In essence, the role played by the nurse is to increase and facilitate the self-care abilities and level of the individual patient (Smith & Parker, 2015). As such, self-care is neither reflexive nor instinctive. Instead, it is either performed rationally or intentionally in response to an already known need. Based on this Orem's theory, rational response is learned through communication and interpersonal relations. Orem asserts that self-care agency can also be defined as the power to take action (Caruso, Cisar & Pipe, 2008). It is a complex capability developed to enable maturing adolescents and adults to recognize, identify, and understand various factors to be managed or controlled so as to decide about, develop, and perform realistic care measures. The capability discussed above is strongly dependent on culture-related values and lifelong experiences.

Although working as a team to reach goals seems straight forward and logical, King’s theory is based on several assumptions. King believed that the nurse-patient working relationship is affected by how each sees the situation as well as how the goals, needs, and values. She believed in patient rights to personal information and to make decisions effecting their lives including the receipt of care. King knew that

Description of key points of the theory: Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process has a framework that consists of five concepts.

This writer considers pain as one of the primary practical problem in the oncology unit to resolve through application and research of nursing theory - interaction model of Roy 's theory in connection to borrowed theory. The borrowed theory on concept - the Intentionality, in which people express their feelings and actions the way they are comfortable with it. The theory of nursing reveals the outcome of professional nursing in relation to helping people which makes the difference in both patient and nurse personal growth (Tourville, C., & Ingalls, K. (2003). Hildegard Peplau and Virginia Henderson are the pioneers in nursing theories laid foundation for interactive model of nursing theorist. Benoliel defined as interactive model, “views human beings as creatures who define and classify situations, including themselves, and who choose ways of acting toward and within them” (Benoliel, 1977, p.110; Fawcett, 1989). The characteristics of

Ida Jean Orlando described a disciplined nursing process. Her process is initiated by the patient’s behavior. This behavior engenders a reaction in the nurse, described as an automatic perception, thought, or feeling. The nurse shares the reaction with the patient, identifying it as the nurse’s perception, thought, or feeling, and seeking validation of the accuracy of the reaction. Once the nurse and the patient have agreed on the immediate need that led to the patient’s behavior and to the action to be taken by the nurse to meet that need, the nurse carries out a deliberative action. Any action taken by the nurse for reasons other than meeting the patient’s immediate need is an automatic action.

Nursing theories have the ability to provide a framework and guidance that is necessary in achieving a higher level of nursing care. Therefore, implementation of a nursing theory needs to be integrated in the facility’s nursing process. The blue team strongly believes the Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory will lead to better patient health outcomes and create an environment for healing. Virginia Henderson understood that the patient is the most important member of the healthcare team. Nurses are responsible for identifying patients’ needs and determining the best method to address those needs. Nursing Theory, 2016, explains Henderson’s viewpoint, “The nurse has the responsibility to assess the needs of the patient, help him or her meet health needs, and provide an environment in which the patient can perform activity unaided” (para. 9).

During those times, Orlando developed her Theory of Nursing Process from a study she conducted at the university where she analyzed 2000 nurse-patients contacts and proposed patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations and therefore nurses must validate their inferences and analyses with patients before drawing conclusions (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). In 1961, she published her book, The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship: Function, Process and Principles, which was the outcome of her project and contains the foundation of her theory. During the next 10 years, she continued her analysis of the theory by serving as a consultant at a hospital where she observed nurse and patient interactions, as well as developing and implementing an educational program based on her nursing model, and director of a research project at the McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. In 1972, this research led to a revision of her book and was entitled The Discipline and Teaching of Nursing Processes (Petiprin, 2016). She continued her days consulting, teaching, and serving as a board member of the Harvard Community Health Plan until she finally retired in 1992. Her theory continues to prove effective when