Therapeutic Cloning Process

Reproductive cloning is similar to IVF because it also brings embryo into existence. This potential infertility treatment involves the creation of embryo using the genetic material of the parent. This is done by extracting nucleus from the person’s somatic cell and transfer into an oocyte through somatic cell nuclear transfer. Thus, the processed oocyte

Therapeutic cloning, what is it? Some might think it involves the cloning of a human being. In actuality, it refers to the removal of a nucleus, which contains the genetic material, from virtually any cell of the body and its transfer by injection into an egg (acquired from female) that is not fertilized and from which the nucleus has been removed. Therapeutic cloning can also be referred to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To perform SCNT researchers extract the nucleus from the egg, the nucleus stores all the genetic information for any living subject. Then researches take a somatic cell, which is any type of cell that is not a gamete, and extract its nucleus from the cell.

that goes into creating a clone. First, scientist remove a somatic cell from an animal that they

Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. And Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research and gene therapy.

I’m currently a junior in high school. I’m writing this letter to you to share my concern about cloning.

The newly reconstituted entity then starts dividing. After 4-5 days in culture, embryonic stem cells can then be removed and used to create many embryonic stem cells in culture. These embryonic stem cell ‘lines’ are genetically identical to the cell from which the DNA was originally removed. Therapeutic cloning is also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SNCT) as the term cloning is frequently misunderstood by the general public. The word ‘cloning’ more often conjures up thoughts and beliefs about reproductive cloning.” (Fact Sheet 4 Therapeutic Cloning)

hen people think of the word “cloning” they often have in mind frightening images of duplicates of humans in a kind of mad scientist experiment. In fact, many people were outraged when Dolly came as a result of a cloning experiment in Scotland (Brown, 2009). Therapeutic cloning, however, is completely different and does not involve the creation of a perfect copy from another human being. In therapeutic cloning, fertilization of sperm or eggs is not implanted into the uterus to create a child. Therapeutic cloning is a phase of a procedure known as somatic cell transfer (SCNT) In this procedure; scientists take a somatic cell from the nucleus of an egg (the nucleus contains genetic material) and then it is transplanted. In practical applications

There are three primary types of cloning, recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Therapeutic cloning, also referred to as somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT), was first accomplished in November 2001 by the Advanced Cell Technology. Therapeutic cloning is similar to reproductive cloning, but the purpose is to harvest embryonic stem cells from a developing embryo. This Cloning was designed as treatment for diseases. In therapeutic cloning, the core of a cell, commonly a skin cell, is embedded into a prepared egg whose nucleus has been extracted. The nucleated egg starts to break down continuously to form a blastocyst. Scientists then extract stem cells from the blastocyst and use them to grow cells that are a

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, involves complex maneuvering. A cell is first taken from the body of the person or animal to be cloned. It is then inserted into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed, thus creating the equivalent to a zygote, or fertilized egg. After certain chemical adjustments, the cells of the zygote divide and multiply, as if it had been created from an egg and sperm. The zygote becomes a blastocyst, an early-stage, five-day-old embryo consisting of about 150 stem cells. If the blastocyst is placed into a surrogate mother’s uterus, it could possibly develop into a fully grown person, a replica of the original cell’s donor.

Cloning is defined as the “creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism” according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits.

Therapeutic cloning can also be called embryo cloning. (Human Genome Project Information page 3). In therapeutic cloning, the resultant embryo would grow for about fourteen days and the stem cells would be extracted into a human tissue or a complete human. Then the embryo would be implanted in a woman’s womb and developed in to a new human whose DNA is the same to the original individual. (Robinson, B.A Therapeutic cloning how it is done Possible Benefits page 1). The goal of therapeutic cloning is not to so much create cloned human beings but to harvest stem cells that can be used to generate any type of specialized cell in the human body. Problems can also come from programming errors in the genetic material from a donor cell. (Human Genome Project Information page 3).

This process involves tow different cells. One of these is the female gamete egg or oocyte. The other is the somatic cell (body cell). The nucleus of the gamete is removed using a micropipette and discarded leaving the cell deprogrammed or without the DNA of the egg cell donor. The mitochondria DNA will still be present however which does mean that the clone will not be an exact replica of the somatic cell donor. The nucleus of a cell contains a complete copy of all of the genes required for life. The nucleus of the somatic cell is put into a low nutrient environment to ‘deprive’ the cell. The deprivation of nutrients allows the cell to stops dividing and become dormant. This dormant or embryonic state prevents the gene from being expressed. The nucleus of the cell is then removed and the enucleated cell is discarded. The enucleated cell from the gamete and the nucleus from the somatic cell are then fused using a mild electric pulse. Once the nucleus is inside the enucleated cell it is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. The oocyte now containing the somatic nucleus is shocked to stimulate cellular activity and cell division. This second “shock” jump starts the cell into development. The egg is then viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all of the genetic information (geonome) from one parent, that of the somatic cell. In order to reproduce the clone embryo it is implanted into

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a second you? The process of cloning is something that is not necessarily very new but is something that is constantly being researched and improved. Most commonly in cloning the somatic cell nuclear transfer method is used.This is when you take a somatic cell(any cell other than the sex cells) from the person being cloned and a donor egg cell and extract the nucleus from the donor egg cell replacing it with the nucleus from the somatic cell. This fuses the donor egg and somatic cell together and next is placed in a surrogate organism that gives birth to that cell that was created. That is the process of cloning an organism. The world of cloning is new and mysterious but is something that could very

Question 2 :The process of cloning for scientist.The scientist has to first take a egg cell and a somatic cell with desired genes.Take out the nucleus to just have to egg cell. The nucleus it fused with denucleated egg cell and then the cell is a clone.

The cell grows into a normal egg and the egg grows into a normal baby that is then born (Tamang). The third way a clone can be created is the “Honolulu Technique.” It is the most recent and most effective technique. Donor nuclei are enucleated and inserted into egg cells. There is no vitro (fertilization of an egg in a laboratory dish or test tube) like nuclear transfer. The egg cells are placed in a chemical culture to jumpstart the cell’s growth, just like fertilization in nature. The cells develop into embryos which will be transplanted into a surrogate mother and born like a normal baby ("Three Ways…”).