Therapeutic Disorders: A Case Study

It is essential to have knowledge of the previous case which was Rogers v. Okin, 738 F.2d 1. Rogers became distressed with the forced consumption of Haldol, an antipsychotic medication, causing to set herself on fire in order to be transferred to a medical hospital. On April 27, 1975, Rogers, along with six other patients who were also medicated against their will, initiated lawsuit. The lawsuit was filed against officials and staff of the May and Austin Units of the BSH. Plaintiffs were all present or were previous mental patients and were all administered with drugs forcefully. In this case, the Plaintiff prevailed.

The central ethical conflicts of the Clara’s case are several infringements committed regarding human rights in human experimentation. According to the American Psychological Association Code of Ethics [APA] (2010) experiments such as Clara would have violated several sections from standard 8: 8.01 (obtaining institutional approval), 8.02 (participants’ informed consent), 8.04 (client/patient, student, and subordinate respect to continue in research), 8.07 (deception in research), and 8.09 (humane care). Section 8.01 indicates that researchers must obtain approval prior

This proposal is immoral because it violates a central tenet of all civilized codes on human experimentation beginning with the Nuremberg Code: It approves doing deadly harm to a member of the human species solely for the sake of potential benefit to others. The embryos to be destroyed by researchers in this campaign are at the same stage of development as embryos in the womb who have been protected as human subjects in federally funded research since 1975.(4) President Clinton's National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) and its 1994 predecessor, the NIH Human Embryo Research Panel, conceded that the early human embryo is a form of developing human life that deserves our respect(5). Treating human life as mere research material is no way to show respect.

However this paper is designed to focus on other morally problematic aspects of fetal research. The first is that fetal research as it is now carried out today in the United States violates the human dignity of the unborn through violating agreed upon principles governing organ donations generally. Secondly the legal and moral restrictions imposed on fetal research not only have failed to secure ethical research but the nature of the research itself gives an incentive to morally problematic behavior.

“2295 Research or experimentation on the human being cannot legitimate acts that are in themselves contrary to the dignity of persons and to the moral law. The subject’s potential consent does not justify such acts. Experimentation on human beings is not morally legitimate if it exposes the subject’s life or physical and psychological integrity of disproportionate or avoidable risks. Experimentation on human beings does not conform to the dignity of the person of it takes place without the informed consent of the subject or those legitimately speak for him.” (CCC; 29/05/14)

In 1991, The United States established a policy to protect human beings from unfair, and unwanted subjects in experiments. This process was done by establishing an Informed Consent which is a legal document. Informed consent which is a legal document that is compose and overseen by the United States judicial system. This law was a necessity due, to the way humans were being tested on in the late 20’s. Unfortunately, in the past the United States took part in a lot of experiments on human beings as test subjects. Furthermore, the overall attributes of studies conducted during the 1920’s thru the 1950’s were considered unethical acts against human beings. Furthermore, the people that were involved had no knowledge that they were subjects in a life-threatening experiment. This type of treatment towards any human being is unethical medical practices. Experimenting on anyone without his or her knowledge is now considered unconstitutional in the United States of American. Anyone can volunteer however, there are guidelines which the volunteer may be either accepted or rejected for Clinal Trails

A review of the records reveals the member to be an adult female with a birth date of 12/31/1952. The member has a diagnosis of increased weakness and decreased conditioning and a history of multiple falls over the past couple of months. The member’s treating provider, Marianne Nikas, MD has recommended that the member be admitted to a skilled inpatient facility from home.

Provide a tentative diagnosis for each of the following case studies. Write at least one paragraph for each, justifying your answer in terms of the DSM-V criteria for that particular disorder. Remember, writing matters, as you will be judged on the quality of your communication as well as on the justification for the tentative diagnoses.

Technology advancements have furthered various types of research including reproductive technologies and continued scientific research, such as human experimentation. Using humans as test subjects has become a contemporary ethical issue regarding regulating who can participate, particularly vulnerable populations. New advancements have left healthcare professionals in an ethical dilemma. In order to ethically conduct research on these populations, one must use the medical ethics: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Vulnerable populations such as: fetuses, oppressed social groups, those with a reduced capacity to consent and the terminally ill, cause the public, healthcare researchers and providers to debate whether or not they can research these populations.

Please do not underestimate the power of a beautiful bra and breast form or a shaper that gives a woman perfect symmetry. The emotional satisfaction of looking normal in clothing cannot be weighed or measured. Your local breast care boutique can be your patient’s best emotional support. You refer your patients to support groups and other helpful organizations so be sure you understand the product options for your patients and that insurance may cover most of them.

For some surgeons the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects did put a halt to further studies. The National Commissions for the Protection of Human Subject began uproar of legal bans on surgical trails across the United States. One ban stopped research in the field of Parkinson’s disease. Researchers were in the progress of implanting fetal tissue into patients to find a cure for Parkinson’s disease. However, the National Commission of Human Subjects stopped this research in 1988. The chef of developmental biology, genetics, and teratology at the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Delbert Dayton (1988), stated, “It has not allowed this country to pursue the

Not all labels are bad that are used to describe a person with a disorder. Such as labels that are used in the medical field to diagnose someone with a certain disease. Some of those labels are Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Organized Conduct Disorder (OCD), anorexia,schizophrenia, obesity, autistic and bipolar. Bipolar is used to say that person has a mental disease and their emotions are all mixed up. ADHD is exactly what is sounds like, a person can not focus very well and are normally really hyper. Same with OCD the person has a issue with things and everything has to be in a certain pattern. Schizophrenia causes people to act abnormally. Obesity is defined as an excessive amount of body fat. Anorexia is when the

MDD is a disorder that affects a significant number of people, and is difficult to treat effectively

Linda Bevington, director of research for the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity stated, “A lot of proponents of the stem-cell research are saying these embryos are extras… so we might as well just take their cells and create some therapies… however, it is possible to adopt those embryos” (Robinson, 2002). Thirdly, human embryos are “treated as mere research material, not as human objects deserving respect” (Wills, 2001, p. 115). The Nuremberg Code states that not only must the human subject give consent, but also scientists are to protect the subject against injury, disability or death. The embryos most certainly are not giving consent and are definitely not being protected. Lastly, embryonic stem cells pose risks for patients because they have the tendency to form tumors and produce immune rejection. A patient with Parkinson’s disease received an injection of fetal brain tissue. Two years later, the patient had passed. An autopsy discovered that the skin and hair tissue had “filled the ventricles of his brain, cutting off his breathing” (Wills, 2001,

The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical research. Herein, this writer will first identify and discuss ethical dilemmas presented in the Nuremberg case followed by three