Thermo Catalytic Degradation Of Waste Polythene Into Lubricants Using Zeolite

Every year, more than 300 million tons of plastic are made, this poses as a threat when you take into account how much of this plastic

In the United States, over 245 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) was produced by consumers in 2005. This is approximately 4.5 pounds of trash per person per day.[3] This same year, 79 million tons of waste were recycled, a dramatic increase from 15 million tons in 1980.[3] Of the total MSW in 2003,11.1% (26.7 million tons) was plastic. Although only 3.9% of plastics disposed in 2003 were recycled, PET was recovered at a rate of 25%.[4]

Each year there is an increase in demands for plastic bags, and therefore more are shipped, creating further environmental pollution concerns. This increase in demand has lead to the phenomenal upsurge in the use and misuse of plastic bags globally, both in developed and developing countries. Statistics show that 4 to 5 trillion plastic bags are produced per annum, whereby North America and Western Europe account for nearly 80% (Geographical, 2005; Reusable Bags, 2005). Cheeseman (2007) states that approximately “380 billion plastic shopping bags are used in the United States annually”; in turn, only 0.6% of this is recycled.

The over consumption of plastic bags imposes pollution and damage on the environment leading to negative externalities (Hubbard & O’Brien, 2014, 323). This is due to the fact that the social cost of plastic bags and their damage on the environment being greater than the private cost of production, as can be shown in Figure

According to an article on Huffington Post, The total amount of plastic pollution in the world's ocean is about 130 million metric tons. It is thought that each year the oceans are gaining 5 to 13 million tons of plastic pollution. If this estimation rings true within 10 years there will be 250 million tons. That would be the equivalent to there being 1 pound of plastic to every 3 pounds of fish, according to the Ocean Conservancy. However it is thought to be good news that The science paper found that there are just five countries that are responsible for over half of the plastic pollution. These countries include China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka.

For many decades plastic was used for numerous things such as water bottles to tires. But what concerns researchers now is the conversion of plastic to oil, without the dangers of extracting oil from the Earth. Many of us plastic is a part of our daily lives from retail to the average Joe down the street working on his garage. Some do not realize the dangers of plastic and what it has done to the planet, others, have realized the dangers and are seen as crazy conservationists. Recently, a group of researchers in China have found a way to convert raw plastic to oil. While back at home in the U.S. there are a few companies that have been working on this since the late 90’s and early 2000’s. There are several ways this conversion will benefit you.

The growing plastic problem is becoming an issue, because people introduced plastic to the environment. Plastics often coming from microfibers in clothing, nurdles from plastic snow, and other plastic products being found in the ocean, often in floating islands of plastic trash called gyres. In a study conducted by professor Kenji Miyamoto, in the article “New plastic-eating bacteria has potential to ease world’s trash glut” by Ken Mathiesen has stated that these issues need to be worked on, million of tons of suffocating debre show in our oceans every year coming in the realization of one-third of all plastics end up invading the environment. Showing these numbers show some realistic effect of how a total of rubbish ends up in our environment,

Polyethylene is used numerous applications like plastic bag, water bottle and takeaway containers. This plastic eating bacteria can biodegrade the plastic at 0.13mg a day. It is estimated that it might take 100 to 400 years to degrade the polyethylene in landfills9. It is found that the enzymes in the worms can digest this chemical and it is safe the environment. Since plastic takes a long time to decompose, its carbon footprint involves the creating new landfills and incinerations. Both can be harmful to the environment8. This engineering solutions can be used to convert and biodegrade the plastic in a safe way.

Monday mornings, you’re tired, you’re hungry and you just want it to be Friday evening already. You grab your takeaway coffee on the way to school and some pieces of fruit from the supermarket which you chuck in one of those plastic bags for fruit and then another plastic bag at the checkout. The issue is that too much waste is being produced in Australia and it is negatively impacting the environment and people need to think about the waste they are producing, in particular single use plastics; including plastic bags, plastic packaging and take away coffee cups.

The one thing that every human being wants, in this increasingly polluted era, is a less polluted environment. Everywhere from the landfills, the rivers, the ocean and any other imaginable place is full of plastic waste. Plastic garbage is not just a problem to the garbage collectors, but to the whole human race. Plastic materials do not decompose under natural circumstances; thus they pile up in landfills, clog waterways, and make the environment a total mess. It is impractical to evade the manufacturing and using of plastic stuffs, given the efficacy of the same, but it is feasible to minimize the plastic litter in the environment. Recycling plastic unwanted remains is the best technique of lessening pollution from such waste materials. The know-hows incorporated in plastic material reutilization have changed over time enriching effectiveness to make recycling a practicable solution of the ever-increasing plastic pollution issue. Effectiveness, capital, policies and research of recycling plastics are a necessity for endeavor (Hardesty, et al, 2015). Therefore, the responsibility remains in the shoulders of us all and not necessarily for manufacturer. Recycling plastic will reduce the plastic pollution; Energy, conserve of oil, reduce garbage in landfills; and make the environment clean; hence reducing the danger associated with environmental change, overflowing landfills, and clogged waterways and

The first plastic bags named ‘baggies’ in 1975 in the United States of America (Leo Hickman 2009). For the original use of plastic bag is to convenient and easy carrying food. In a long time, people dependence on plastic bags is embodied in many aspects of daily life, it makes people ignore what and how plastic bags contribute to environmental damage. The cost of produce plastic bags is low and plastic products are using a wide range, especially in large retailers, offering free plastic bags is one of the most basic service and standard for customers in a large supermarket.

Plastic materials, especially products that are made by big businesses, are polluting the planet. They are everywhere, flouting in our oceans, filling up in our landfills, and

Plastic bags produce environmental pollution. People need to reduce the use of plastic bags in order to save the environment. This

No. Supervisors 1 1 2 2 3 Certificate Project work qualifies for submission 4 Approval of the Supervisor Approved/Rejected/Needs Revision 5 Signature of the Supervisor/s Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India Abstract We are familiar with the problems that our environment face due to plastics, as these consumes massive energy and other natural resources, depleting the environment in various ways. Moreover, their disposal has always been a constant headache and problem for the society. But plastic’s usage can’t be completely ostracized as it will result in depletion of other natural resources like paper, wood at great extent.

This literature review is focusing on the methods for recycling waste tyres particularly that of TDF (tyre derived fuels) as well as other methods utilised globally. Currently in Australia approximately 52.5 million waste tyres are produced annually with an estimated 13% being recycled through processes that involve separating the steel and rubber and using the resulting components for various other products or reusing the tyres for a number of construction projects as well as being utilised as a TDF.