Thermochemistry

Equipment- 250mL beaker, 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, cardboard square, chemical scoop, metric ruler, lab countertop, rubber stoppers, safety goggles, lab apron

There are new concepts that relate to this lab, such as exothermic and endothermic reactions.

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols = == == == ==

A chemical reaction is when substances (reactants) change into other substances (products). The five general types of chemical reactions are synthesis (also known as direct combination), decomposition, single replacement (also known as single displacement), double replacement (also known as double displacement), and combustion. In this lab, the five general types of chemical reactions were conducted and observations were taken before, during, and after the reaction. Then the reactants and observations were used to determine the products to form a balanced chemical equation. The purpose of this lab was to learn and answer the question: How can observations be used to determine the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction?

In this experiment you will observe some physical and some chemical changes. You will observe that energy must be used to start some chemical reactions, and that it is produced in others.

Introduction :You will be exploring three scenarios and conducting observations on the physical and chemical changes in matter: The Iced Tea Debate, Salty Soup, and Fire Bug.

In this unit we have conducted research and experiments on our chosen reactions to create the highest exothermic reaction for the The Heat-and-Eat meal pack will use a chemical reaction that involves two reactants. Reactant 1 is a solid and Reactant 2 is a liquid.

The mass of the aluminum cylinder was 17.1420 g. The volume of the aluminum cylinder, by calculation was 6.33 cm^3. Based on water displacement, the volume was 16.5 ml. The density by calculation of the aluminum was 2.71 g/cm^3. Based on water displacement, the density was 1.04 g/ml.

The Lab One was done on Laboratory Techniques and Measurements. The first experiment with my Lab partner; we got opportunity to experiment how to conduct measurements in length by using metric conversion. We started in cm units and changed into mm by x10, and moving decimal point x1 to right. To find in meter we moved from cm to meter two decimal points to the left or double check our self divided by 100 and all records in data table 1. The second experiment was to measure temperature of how cold and hot tap water can be by using thermometer in Celsius units. From this experiment, gained knowledge that tab water doesn’t boil to 100 Celsius related to containing different

The literature value for the enthalpy change of the last reaction which was provided by our teacher is -97 kJ mol-1. Agreeing this value, our result can be considered accurate.

can always find what you are looking for if you look in the right place at the right

Beginning from the first and second laws of thermodynamics major conditions of Gibbs can be determined which thus can be used to anticipate the thermodynamic properties of the systems using relatively simple mathematics. In the beginning of 20th century, two noteworthy publications, (i) “Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical substances” by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall and (ii) “Modern Thermodynamics by the methods of Willard Gibbs” written by E. A. Guggenheim effectively applied the principles developed by Gibbs to chemical processes, and thus established the exploration of the science of chemical thermodynamics. The essential goal of chemical thermodynamics is the establishment of a paradigm for the assurance of the feasibility or spontaneity of a given transformation.

Introduction: The theory behind this experiment is the heat of a reaction (∆E) plus the work (W) done by a reaction is equal to

The aim of this experiment was to test the heat of combustion over a period of time, and the energy required to combust alcohols with different carbon chain levels. It was hypothesised that the higher the carbon chain of the alcohol present, the faster the heat of combustion will occur. Meaning more energy will be released for a higher carbon chain. After calculating the results from the experiment it was found that the hypothesis was partially supported. The reasoning for this is as the alcohol that posses a higher carbon chain, generally increased there reaction rates. However there were a few exceptions to this rule.

Purpose: To measure the heats of reaction for three related exothermic reactions and to verify Hess’s Law of Heat Summation.