The's Influence On Their Home State

At its most fundamental, diaspora focuses on the physical movement of people. However, comprehensive scholarship elevates “diaspora” beyond

According to a 1999 International Monetary Fund report, remittances from Dominican Americans are estimated to be about $1.5 billion per year. Most of these funds are used to cover basic household needs such as shelter, food, clothing, health care, and education. Secondarily, remittances have financed small businesses and other productive activities

One of the negative thing about remittance is that a numerous immigrants are disappointed not just with the poor reliability quality and rate of the present casual settlement system, additionally with the immense expenses they should pay. They may pay 6 -15 percent of the dispatched sum for the exchange. On top of that, they pay another 3-5 percent

Refugee issue is a global issue mainly due to wars, conflicts or environmental, political, religious and racial reasons (Gibney & Gil, 2010). In recent years, the turmoil triggered by the "Arab Spring" in many countries in West Asia and North Africa causing numerous refugees, so it has once again attracted the attention of people（Grossman, 2017）. People forced to relocate their homes and even renounce their nationality by war or natural disasters are defined as refugee（UNHCR，2017）.The influx of refugees brings cheap labor forces reducing the cost of productions ,and causes the promotion of economic development. In addition, the increasing population leads to an increase in demand which can increase the income of the host countries and the state tax. It can be argued that refugees are unable to benefit the host nations because refugees increase unemployment rate and occupy resources in education. Although it may be true that there are some negative effects caused by refugees, refugees can benefit the host nation in terms of economy and social advancement.

The connections created by the Indonesian migrant workers during their migration journey have underscored the transnational dimension of their immigration experiences. The links made, for example, indicate a multiple borders connection especially through their remittance sending and the transnational motherhood ties. Hugo in his exploration of the Indonesian labor export notes the direct impact of the remittances on family and village economies, which can be seen from the brick houses and modern household appliances (1995: 288). In addition, land purchase, housing, business enterprise, and family day to day needs are the typical patterns use of remittances (Hugo 1995: 289; Stahl 172). Likewise, Fransisca Ria Susanti (2013) and Dewi Anggraeni

In Bangladesh, remittance is one of the most important economic variables in recent times as it helps in balancing balance of payments, increasing foreign exchange reserves, enhancing national savings and increasing velocity of money. Moreover, it is greater than foreign aid and thus helps in lessening dependence on foreign aid.

Private transfers are common in most countries, both developing and developed nations. In developed countries, intergenerational transfers or bequests tend to be the largest form of private transfers. However, in developing countries transfers within the same generations and between related or unrelated households are the most frequent forms (Kazianga 2006). Inter-household transfers can also flow from a person in a foreign country to her relative in the home country or from urban households to rural households. International remittances are particularly larger and much more

In spite of those criticisms, the theory can be useful for analysing poverty and remittances especially rural poverty since remittances are believed to be one of issues influencing entitlement and ownership. Remittances can be used to buy assets. By owning assets, especially productive assets, it increases chances for a individual or household to create wealth and it is widely agreed to be a crucial factor in escaping and reduce chances to be trapped into poverty (Miller et. al.,

Refugees are moving in bigger numbers quicker and more remote than at some other time ever. This is going on when numerous nations are not well arranged to manage a changing demography and when arrangements and states of mind to populace development furthermore, migration are solidifying. The existence of refugees, and requests on the as of now seriously stressed economy, administrations and foundation add to the extraordinary hardship influencing the nearby populaces. In many occasions, refugees turn into an additional obstacle to, or chance imperiling, the improvement endeavors of the host nation. The health, social, and high economic costs might be felt long after an evacuee issue is understood.

Education. In many developing countries, education is expensive at all levels, whatever the formal commitments of the State. Remittances can allow for the payment of school fees and can provide the wherewithal for children to attend school rather than working for family survival.[2]

In this essay, I used the case of the Kurdish diaspora to prove my point. As I mentioned earlier, the concept of transnational politics entails three important features. First, there is interaction between societal actors of different nation states. This was the case as the Kurdish diaspora is scattered all over the world, but kept in contact. Second, it bypasses the institution of government. This is also the case, because the Kurdish diaspora do not have a homeland and consequently no government. Third and last, the interactions affect government and states. This requirement is also met because of the possibilities the Kurds have to influence their homeland and host countries’ policies. Thus, due to the fact that the Kurdish diaspora meets the three requirements it provides a perfect example of transnational politics and is a good example of the difference between international relations and transnational

Every year, many underdeveloped countries lose half of their population to migration. Migration has been in existence for many years, and it seem to be the choice for many people this days especially if they are not pleased with economic, political or religious conditions. Many people emigrate from their native countries for economic, familial, and educational reasons.

The Gulf Cooperation Council countries have positioned themselves as the highest remitters in the world to other MENA countries. The aggregate official remittance outflows from the Gulf region crossed the $75 billion mark in 2012 which is 50 percent larger than the amount remitted from the United States for the same year George et al. (2012). Remittance outflows in the region have been linked to local labor policies which determine the source of foreign labor and provision of scholarship.

International relations are often conceptualized as interactions between clearly delineated nation-states. In this globalizing world, however, transnational actors are playing an increasingly larger part. Diasporic communities hold significant political clout within their adopted lands, as well as their home countries. Accordingly, several scholars have strived to break away from that traditional dichotomy: the domestic versus the international. Expanding on Robert Putnam’s theory of international negotiations as a two-level process (in which politicians must simultaneously please their domestic constituency and the foreign states they are negotiating with), Yossi Shain and Tamara Coffman Wittes refer to a “three-level game”. Diasporas are distinct from the hostland as well as the homeland, existing in a third space that confers them with unique political agency. To Shain and Wittes, “diasporas cannot be viewed simply as a domestic constituency within their host state but must also be viewed as independent actors in the conflict resolution process” (Shain & Wittes, 172). This distinction is particularly significant in light of the fact that the interests of a diasporic community are not always perfectly aligned with those of the residents of the homeland: Shain and Wittes argue that the primary value of the homeland within the diaspora consciousness is its symbolic power to convey and preserve identity – in contrast to those who live in the homeland, who may have more

Theories of international migration studies often neglect the role of the state that produces and shape the process. Yet, politics and the states underlie much of the international migration movements through immigration policies and institutionalized bureaucracy related to migration. For instance, both