Thesis: the Diuretic Activity of Fresh Balloonvine Leaves

To tested the effects of this plant, a research study was conducted through an online survey among college students. A group of undergrad college student was randomly selected through email from a large university in southwestern Unites States to participate. The study procedure was an online survey, with based questionnaire on college student’s achievement, lifestyle, alcohol, and other drugs behavior if a user of drugs. The data was base on the usage of drugs within the two semesters of fall 2006 and spring 2007. To get respondents to participate, rewards were offered for anyone who

In personal health, there is a big lifetime decision to be made. Presented with two basic options, pharmaceutical medicines and herbal medicines, the choice must be made when the situation of illness arrives, which form of medication will be taken? First, the differences between the two types of medicines must be studies and understood by the user. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration, a drug is defined as, “A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body” (Center…). With this in mind, both herbs and scientifically produced medications are to be considered ‘drugs’.

Because Ca2+ is the central point for all mentioned processes, we focused our interests on hyperforin which is Ca2+-modulator. Hyperforin is the natural and biologically active compound extracted from Hypericum Perforatum (St John Wort) (26). The St John Wort extract and hyperforin attenuated symptoms of mild to moderate depression in a few clinical trials. Both extract and hyperforin displayed antidepressant-like activity in preclinical studies (27, 28).

A research proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in……………in the School of ……., …….. University

The text is formatted as a journal article and has been peer reviewed. It was published on August 31, 2015, in Europhyiscs Letters, a journal founded in 1986 by the European Physical Society. The article references multiple sources that are also academically reliable.

We render our gratitude to the Correspondent, Director and Principal of Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad for their encouragement to publish this research

Stems are long and weak, square in cross section, prickly (spiny) with glands on young parts. Leaves are matt, mid-green, deeply veined and sometimes hairy. The lamina is pear or oval shaped, pointed to broadly-rounded apex, rounded base, round or regular toothed margins with wrinkled and strigose (sharp oppressed rigid bristly hairs) upper surface. When the leaves are crushed, a strong and distinctive odour is exuded. Flower heads have many smaller flowers. Each flower is tubular-shaped and have 4 spreading lobes (petals), changing colour with age. The colours would be a various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red or pink. Fruit is a berry or drupe arranged in clusters. The fruit is green and becomes purple-black when mature. This plant takes over huge areas usually in moist gullies, along drainage lines and around wetlands. It can be found scrambling high into tree tops. The intense growth of the weed restricts any plant to grow beneath it or around it. This results in plant growth being restricted and not allowing plantation to develop.

The problem of hypertension is growingly becoming a major reason for worldwide mortality and morbidity. The problem may not be externally visible in a person who is suffering from it but internally it can cause stroke, cardiac failure and kidney problems. It has been predicted by experts that the number of people suffering from hypertension will grow by 60 percent by the year 2025 and the major risk factors linked to the problem are diabetes and obesity. Although the condition is globally prevalent and intense research are being made into it, no signal cure or effective treatment can be found which can protect body from hypertension without having any side effects. Exercise to reduce hypertension and herbal pills to reduce hypertension offer the best and risk free ways to regulate the condition.

The use of natural products as medicine has initiated the isolation of active compounds. The first commercial pure natural product introduced for therapeutic use is generally considered to be

The diuretic activity of Silybum Mariamum L. was higher than that of furosemide or Cistus landaniferus L. In addition, both plants increased urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and creatinine and the effect of Silybum marianum L. was higher than that of furosemide or Cistus landaniferus L.. Interestingly, both plants did not cause changes in the plasma sodium or potassium while furosemide caused hypokalemia. These findings are important since both plants might have a potential to be used as a future diuretics without hypokalemia which is a common finding with use of current diuretics such loop diuretics or hydrochlorothiazide. Because there was no effect of the plants` extract on plasma electrolytes and plasma osmolarity, it might be suggested that the active principle(s) in both plants may has/have a potassium-sparing effect. Furthermore, both plants increased creatinine clearance and studying their effect in kidney failure might explore their potential to help increasing creatinine clearance or ameliorating acute/chronic kidney

St. John’s wort has been used for medicinal purposes going back to the use among ancient Greeks. The name is derived from the St. John the Baptist and the St. John’s wort blooming around the time of his feast day.

The aqueous extract of T. chebula has been shown to enhance antioxidant status in the liver and kidney and effectively modulate oxidative stress of aged rats.The ethanolic fraction of T. chebula enhance the healing rate of gastric lesions induced by indomethacin and also inhibt lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosal tissue of rats[87] . In addition, the ethanolic extract has been tested against certain multidrug-resistant bacteria, which includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and extended spectrum β -lactamase-producing enteric bacteria and T. chebula has shown broad-spectrum activity. Also,this extract interact synergistic with tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and/or Escherichia coli ( E. coli)[61]. The butanol fraction of T. chebula fruit had also broad spectrum activity against six intestinal bacteria, particularly Clostridium perfringens and E. coli[62] . A study has also shown that the aqueous extract from T. chebula inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthesis by de- creasing iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA levels.

Tannins are chemicals that help treat symptoms such as diarrhea, throat irritation and can help to lower down high glucose levels and cholesterol levels. Flavanoids chemicals help individuals with diabetes to improve their blood circulation, preventing further complications with retinopathy from the eye previously mentioned. There are some more possible effects using bilberry, for example it has been shown that bilberry can be used to treat circulation problems, using bilberry for 30 days reduces the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Some studies said that a chemical on bilberry called anthocyanoside can improve problems with

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side

I undersigned ………………………a student of T.Y.B.B.A., here by declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of prof. Kuldeep Jobanputra of R.P.Bhalodia College, Rajkot. This work has not been previously report submitted to any other university for any other examination.