Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report

1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up carbohydrates. Small carbs contain twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms; simple sugars, called monosaccharides, are the basic building blocks for

Lipids make up the outer membranes of cells, while carbohydrates can be used to make exoskeletons. Furthermore, the glycerol heads in lipids are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are attached to long hydrocarbon tails. Carbohydrates must have this ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen:(CH2O)n They both contain a lot of energy. Another similarity is that both carbohydrates and lipids can be used to provide structure. Both are broken by hydrolysis and combined using dehydration

Benzoic acid is also commonly known as Phenyl Carboxylic Acid, Dracylic Acid, Benzenecarboxylic Acid, Benzoate, and Retardex to name only a few. It can be identified by it's chemical formula C7H6O2 or by its molecular formula C6-H5-C-O2-H. Benzoic acid has a molecular weight of approximately 122.12 g/mol. At room temperature, it appears to be an opaque solid, generally a white power or crystal. At normal STP benzoic acid is a stable compound so it will not react; however, it can decompose under certain conditions, which can cause toxic carbon oxides, also it reacts with oxidizers to product vigorous exothermic reactions. When benzoic acid is exposed to a heat source or to a flame; there is a small

The points of interest that made me choose this particular item are common interaction among general public, and what I would perceive as a very trying response and ensuing recovery effort that would take place should a large scale fire and/or spill take place.  In a best case scenario, the chemical could be readily identified allowing for a proper response by emergency responders, with proper precautionary gear to protect themselves as well, and the evacuation of the surrounding area.  However, it appears that acts of terrorism are becoming better planned, rather than random, less detrimental incidents as past history such as shoe bombers and such.  Utilizing such a chemical in a discreet manner, rendering identification difficult if not impossible, would provide rather substantial physical effects with all the reactive, flammable, health, and incompatible issues that are identified with acrylonitrile alone, much more so even when shipped with possible interactive components, and then the actual desired traumatic emotional effects associated with acts of terror as well.

* Rubbing alcohol (or isopropyl alcohol) is flammable, so be sure to keep it away from high heat or heat sources.

The mixture was transferred to an ice bath to crystallize the product, after which the product was collected by vacuum filtration on a Hirsch funnel, washing the flask with small aliquots of cold xylene and pouring the solution over the crystals, allowing the vacuum to thoroughly dry the product. Additional drying was achieved by transferring the product to filter paper and pressing the crystals to remove any excess moisture. The product was then weighed and a melting point determined. A comparative TLC was run in Hexanes:Ethyl Acetate solvent against maleic anhydride to verify the purity of the

Melting points are indicative of identifying an unknown product and the level of impurity the product contains. In this case, the possible identity of the product based on its melting points are determined by comparing the obtained melting points of the product to the melting points of the five possible products. Two mini capillaries, containing the product only, were used to determine the product’s melting point. For one mini capillary, the temperature range was 132.1-134.2℃, and the product’s melting point for the second minicapillary ranged from 135.1-137.5℃. In addition, melting points were obtained with the product mixed with meso-hydrobenzoin. The temperature range was 135.0-136.0℃ and 135.0-137.5℃. Although the recorded melting point values fall into the racemic range, but the results still indicate that the product is a meso-hydrobenzoin. The melting point values for the product mixed with the meso-hydrobenzoin standard explains that it is unlikely that the product is racemic. The melting point values were two degrees from each other due to the meso-hydrobenzoin standard making

SD Alcohol 40-B (Alcohol Denat.), Hydrofluorocarbon 152a, Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/ Methacrylate Copolymer, Aminomethyl Propanol, PEG/PPG-17/18 Dimethicone, Fragrance (Parfum), Triethyl Citrate,

1. Carbohydrates: Are Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.

Aim: To classify unknown substances according to their structure type and to observe how the structure of materials affects their uses.

Koczanski, Krystyna; Xidos, James D. CHEM 1300 Laboratory Manual; UMSU Copy Centre: Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2013, pp

The product yielded in this reaction was adipic acid (Figure 1), a white crystalline solid substance at room temperature, which can be deprotonated twice. Adipic acid is an important industrial chemical used in the synthesis of nylon. Adipic acid has the molecular formula, C6H10O4, the molecular weight 146.14 grams/mol, a melting point of 153 °C, and a density of 1.36 g/cm3. (PubChem.com)

An organic molecule is a molecule that must have Carbon and Hydrogen. They are important because they act as a backbone for all living matter. Without Carbon and Hydrogen, life would not exist. A monomer is one subunit or building block of a larger molecule. The four types of organic molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

As the solvent moves past the spotted mixture, two opposing forces created by the solvent and the adsorbent influence the mixture. Each component can either dissolve in the mobile solvent or remain adsorbed to the stationary adsorbent. This process generates an equilibrium, as some components are adsorbed and others are dissolved and transported with the solvent until they are readsorbed further along the plate. The different tendencies of each component to comply with the subjected forces may result in a successfully separated mixture on the plate.

The term ‘’Carbohydrates’’ is defined as the carbon compounds which contains hydroxyl groups in large quantities (King, 2013). Carbohydrates are those organic compounds which have the empirical formula CnH2nOn, or (CH2O)n (Fromm 1997). Carbohydrates are one of the four types of organic compounds in living cells that are produces during photosynthesis and are the important source of energy in both plants and animals (Ahmed 2014). They are built from monosaccharides. These monosacchradies are the small molecules that consists of three to nine carbon atoms and differ in size and in the stereochemical configuration at one or more carbon centers. The simplest carbohydrates also contain either an aldehyde or ketone compounds (freeman 2002). Carbohydrates are classified as simple and complex carbohydrates. The classification of carbohtdydrates is based on the chemical structure of the food and how fast it absorbs. Simple carbohydrates contains single or double sugars in their chemical structure whereas complex carbohydrates consists of three or more sugars (ahmed 2014). There are four major types of carbohydrates depending on their chemical composition.