Things to Know about Blood Pressure

(Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings. Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP

People who have high blood pressure are putting more strain on the arteries, and this could be dangerous because it could lead to things such as heart attacks and strokes. Blood pressure can be measured by a sphygmomanometer.

1.  Blood pressure is the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. The pressure of blood in the arteries correlates directly to the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the amount of resistance in the

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

As the blood is forced throughout our body, there is a pressure that is exerted on the walls of our arteries, this is known as blood pressure. We see blood pressure represented as two numbers, the systolic (top) and the diastolic (bottom) numbers. The systolic blood pressure is the heart contracting and the diastolic is the heart relaxing. A normal, healthy, blood pressure would be written as 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) or verbally expressed by most individuals as 120 over 80. Our blood pressure can vary depending on many things. When the diastolic or systolic pressure is high, or significantly and consistently above 120/80 mmHg, this is what we call hypertension. There are different stages or degrees of hypertension. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2010) describes the stages as the following:

Blood pressure in our blood vessels is monitored by the baroreceptors. These receptors send messages to the cardio regulatory center of the medulla oblongata to regulate our blood pressure every minute. In order for blood to be delivered to all organs and tissues, our cardiovascular system must always maintain adequate blood pressure. If the blood pressure drops too low, these organs will not receive an adequate of nourishing blood. Also if the pressure goes too high, the walls of the arteries will stretch and increased activity within the baroreceptor, information will then be sent through the nerves to the cardio regulatory center within the medulla which will responds by initiating the mechanisms that decrease the blood pressure to a normal

The drive exerted on the walls of the blood vessel has to remain in acceptable regular range to forestall any harm to the vessel and to not cause the irreversible damage to the organs in the

Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood that is against the arterial walls.

Conditions such as hypertension and coronary artery disease cause an increase in blood pressure. Blood pressure increases when arteries become narrow as a result of hardening or due to build up of fat deposits; both of which are major

Ideally, you'll be able to perform three daily tests that judge your force per unit area, and you'll produce a report that indicates your consistent results. If an individual experience high force per unit area, the condition may increase the chance of a stroke. Various studies have shown that prime force per unit area may additionally promote chronic stress, scale back vessel endurance and have an effect on bound organs. Eventually, high force per unit area would possibly cause the blood vessels to become stiff or rupture.2

The heart pumps blood into the arteries and the force of the blood pushing against blood vessel walls is called blood pressure. Arteries carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure is also know as hypertension and is very dangerous in many different ways. One way is that it makes the heart have to work harder in order to pump the blood to the body. Secondly it contributes to hardening of the arteries and lastly, it also contributes to heart failure. A healthy heart is essential to life and having high blood pressure it not healthy for the heart. It has been proven that there are many different causes that have been linked to high blood pressure.

Firstly, the hemodynamics model centers around the heart as a pumping organ, utilizing changes in heart rate and stroke volume or both, as explained by Frank and Starling, to respond and adapt to changes in pressure or volume exerted on it, with pathological ventricular remodeling as the compensatory outcome of long-term increases in preload and excessive pressure (Johnson, 2014). Heart rate is up- and down-regulated by the sympathetic, respectively parasympathetic nervous system, and stroke volume is controlled by preload, the blood volume in the ventricles right before systole, by afterload, the ejection force determined from systemic vascular resistance and ventricular wall tension, and by the contractile ability of the heart muscle (Porth, 2015). The contractility of the actin and myosin filaments is dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as energy source and on intracellular calcium release, and the diffusion of extracellular calcium ions across L-type calcium channels mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors to signal the chemical reaction leading to muscle shortening, as well as the removal of calcium through cell-membrane pumps to avoid signal overload (Porth, 2015). Pressure and volume overload will lead to ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial stiffness, restricted stroke volume, ventricular dilation and further

Blood pressure is a force applied by blood that push against the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that send oxygenated blood to the heart and throughout the rest of the body. To calculate blood pressure, use a blood pressure machine which shows the two types of pressures, systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure happens when the heart is decreasing and diastolic pressure is the pressure the occurs when the heart expands. Systolic pressure is always over diastolic pressure and the average is 120/80 mmHg. (S. Jose, E-12) Blood pressure is measured in mmHg which stands for millimeter of mercury.

The amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance the arteries have to blood flow determines the blood pressure. High blood pressure

reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.