This essay will describe and analyse the difference between the two articles, about urban cities

From 1890 to 1920, cities in the United States experienced a rapid growth that was unprecedented in years previous. This growth was caused by a number of factors and resulted in both positive and negative consequences. Such factors included, industrialization, technological advances, migration and immigration. Although American cities greatly improved by the expeditious urbanization, these factors also developed numerous challenges including pollution, sanitation problems, a need for environmental reform, political corruption, overcrowding, high crime rates and segregation.

Urban history, as a tool, has drastically changed our understanding of cities over the centuries. ‘Urban histories possessed an explanatory power far above the intricate workings of one city; providing larger narratives centered on industrialization or other macro-economic developments’.

The two countries that contained half of the world’s largest cities by 1900 were the United Kingdom and the United States. In the US it was a time of peace. Small business grew and factories gained the largest outputs. People began to move to the cities with the promise of better wages and more job opportunities. The US began to move toward a nation of city dwellers. In the UK, towns grew into cities as industry fueled migration to the cities. As in the US, people moved with the promise of higher wages and better jobs.

In 2010, when Ahmad wrote his article, immigration was on the rise in the UK. Many immigrants were being accepted into the country creating a record high. Although this situation may seem to be a good thing, it can be deceiving. Due to the increase in immigration, the government had pledged to cut migration by an exponential amount. “The British, who ruled my country for decades and taught me the English that I speak, have always had the power to keep me out of their country” (Ahmad 38). At this point in Ahmad’s life, he has had time to adjust to the

Furthermore, lack of affordable housing has become an issue for additional reasons. 50,000 new homes were built since 1981 but only 8000 were local authority housing, and only 2000 were low income houses. This was worsened by the implementation of the ‘right to buy’ scheme, creating a surge in house prices (a 1 bedroom apartment now costs around £500,000). It could be suggested that this issue counteracts successes of the scheme, as issues still exist including 3500 homeless people in the area and the housing prices are significantly above the UK average, so they have not achieved their aim to ‘make housing affordable to all.’ However, I believe that the Docklands has been a successful example of regeneration as it is now such a significant part of the capital, with it being London’s finance capital providing not only important economic contributions, but also employment to many people in the skilled sector.

As more houses are built more land is becoming occupied by swimming pools, houses, garages and so much more. An increase in people is good for the economy but not so great for the land and agriculture.

When dealing with immigration one must not just view it as an economic factor but must understand that immigration is an issue within

While examining a culture, most people would typically think of the language, religion, style of dress, and customs of that particular group, but some people fail to realize the importance of that culture’s food. During the late 1800s and early-mid 1900s, many various ethnic and cultural groups immigrated to the United States and brought with them their cuisine. In the novel Hungering for America: Italian, Irish, and Jewish Foodways in the Age of Migration by Hasia R. Diner, the ways of which American culture has shaped the food culture of immigrants in the US and how their foods influenced American cuisine. There were two prominent groups—Italians and Irish—that immigrated to the US that were either greatly influenced and/or influenced by

Over the last decade, the number of immigrants has increased tremendously growing from 331,000 to a whopping 409,000. An increase of about 78,000 people ( Britannica). Despite media coverage on the issue many people are blind to the true nature of the situation . Therefore it is important to understand the extent to which immigration affects us all.

well as some social benefits. Changes in the society have to be noticed in the society to

As we stepped in to 21st century, humankind still faces poverty, insecurity, diseases and warfare. Often causing massive amount of migration to a safer land that offers better and secure future. Immigration brings its own challenges that is almost unique for every immigrating humankind and hosting nation. Therefore, immigrants face issues that they have never faced or even thought about. Trying to cope through unseen issues and even putting core values on the line, immigrating often have very interesting challenges.

In this respect, it is worthy of mention that such a situation with the migration is the result of the recent trend in the world economy which is characterized by processes which are generally called globalization. The process of globalization is overwhelming and involves practically all countries of the world with rare exceptions which

Cities are characterized by the patterns of streets and squares that define their arrangement, a concept that undergoes frequent changes since the establishment of cities 10,000 years ago. There are multitude factors that influence such changes with system of government, values, population size, values, artistic sensibility, building methods, design techniques, paving techniques, military considerations, and transport technology being the main determinants. Medieval architectural designs emphasized on rigid grid forms, that contemporary writers of the history of urban planning and design, assume the presence of grids even in plans where they exist in approximate forms. Absence of grids is often perceived as lack of planning. Nevertheless, it is critical to note that the complex patters of streets in medieval cities were neither random nor chaotic.

But at a critical level of analysis, it can be said that there have been many distributional ‎impacts which means that competition levels in the market rose and businesses experienced more ‎rivalry. As the years have passed since the 1940s, the pressure of migration has increased and the ‎impact of immigration on the UK local communities have also been obvious especially at a time ‎of rapid change that Britain is going through continually from time to time. This is why countries ‎need to maintain the laws and policies for migration and control the negative effects (Ham, 2010, ‎p. 152).‎

Cities are places which have huge amount of gathering of people, collection of economic activities and complex infrastructure for people which all together are supported by transport systems.