This literature review aims to review the debate as to whether military expenditure has a positive

The military has been instrumental in the protection and development of U.S interests around the world. From the Revolutionary War, which established the United States as a nation, through the World Wars, which set up the U.S as one of the world super powers, to its current war on terror, the military has helped and protected U.S. interests around the world. During all these wars American soldiers have proudly served their country. Because of these wars America is famous throughout the world for military power and its protection of freedom in the world. Today the U.S is an international symbol of wealth and power; it has the largest Gross Domestic Product in the world as well as the strongest military. Yet even America falls prey to a

The foreign, military and economic policies of states, the intersections of these policies in areas of change or dispute, and the general structure of relations which they create, are all analysed in terms of aspirations to achieve national and/or international security. Security is most commonly associated with the alleviation of threats to cherished values (Williams; 2008). However this is a definition that is undesirably vague and a reflection of the inherent nature of security as an ‘essentially contested concept’ (Gallie; 1962). Security in the modern day context has many key concepts associated with it: uncertainty, war, terrorism, genocide and mass killing, ethnic conflict, coercion,

The United States is a militaristic country because of the military budget, the military’s expansion into civilian areas, and military culture. The large and increasing budget of the military is an example of U.S. militarism. According to National Priorities

In a 2015 article, “Is U.S. military becoming outdated?” written by Stuart Bradin, Keenan Yoho, and Meaghan Keeler-Pettigrew, the authors argued that despite the U.S. military maintaining a position of global dominance “without peer” during conventional operations, it is not the ideal force against current and future threats. The authors claim that there are several negative factors arising due to the past sixteen years of war against several state and non-state elements, inferior cultural differences of government bureaucracy compared to commercial firms, and a misallocation of defense spending that leaves the US military waging war inefficiently while simultaneously losing technological dominance against current and future threats.

The increase in military spending is another argument that caused stagnation in the Soviet Union during the period. Brezhnev spent huge amount of money in the defense sector and according to Blanchard & Froot et al. (1994) the share of defense spending in GNP was 12% in 1960-70, and increased by 4% in 1975-80 to 16%, even though the country was is deep economic crisis. Brezhnev increased military spending each year; even as the country needed the spending in other “important” sectors, to boots the growth of the country, and caused low-level of economic development. Brezhnev increased the spending specifically on nuclear materials production plants, compared to weapons. During this time in history both the superpower, USA and Soviet Union

However, Eisenhower is worried that the military is expanding at an alarming rate and its power may be misused and bring about the wrong intentions. He supports his claim of its quickening growth and investment, stating that “three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment,” and how “we annually spend on military security more than the net income of all US corporations.” This use of numbers and statistics grabs the attention of Americans and makes his claim appear more factual. This device allows for Eisenhower

By slow stages, large and sustained military expenditures produced an enduring Military-Industrial Complex with the self-serving consequences suggested by the World War II economy and, more seriously, with the potential for perpetuating the forces of modern warfare which had provided for the initial growth of such a complex (90).

Observers do not need to look far for the signs of a military-industrial complex that has become too powerful and involved in politics. The Army has repeatedly attempted to halt the production and spending on new tanks. The Air Force has spent almost $400 billion on the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program, nearly double the initial estimate. If the relationship between civilian and military leaders is to be mended, leadership decisions must not be influenced by the military-industrial

Another desirable effect of economic growth is increased tax revenue, the government receives more money from tax payers with out having to increase tax rates. If people are earning more, the more money they will pay in tax, the more money companies make the more tax they must pay to the government. The more money the government gains in tax revenue the more they can do to improve the country, they can invest in transport and infrastructure, they can make improvements to health care and they may even need to employ more people further reducing unemployment.

There have been vast technological advancements made by the United States due to research and development that is funded by our Defense budget. We have come a long way from the muskets and cannons of the revolutionary war. Research and development projects

In order to maintain the peaceful environment, laws on controlling private gun ownership and a series of regulations on gun show sales are capable of reducing this kind of crime. In the national security debate, the threat has become increasingly prominent. That’s why that it’s necessary to take effective measures to solve the problems. Meanwhile, it is important to balance the reduction on arms trade and the necessary national demand on weapons. In reality, the national security budgets should be sufficient to cope with foreign threats and defend their homeland. While cutting the arms trade will definitely have an effect on national defense. So it’s also of great importance to make a balance between the cutting arm budgets and the demand of weapons to protect a

Arms Trade, Weapons Sales, Armament Sales are just few terms used for the manufacture and sale or trade of devices to protect a country, attack another and quite possibly benefit economically, or politically on a global scale. Countries, entities, factions, make, sell, and give things of destruction to others. This is a reality. The intent of this paper is to provide information that individuals can use to determine the necessity. The economics, the politics and last the National Security are the three main discussion points.

This can be measured by the following formula; Per capita nominal GDP = Nominal GDP / Population, Per capita real GDP = Real GDP / Population. Seven factors determine economic growth. Natural resources such as land, mineral deposits, waterways; climatic conditions provide an essential foundation to economic growth. Combined with the other resources of capital, labor and enterprises, natural resources can be developed and organized to increase the productive capacity if the nation. Consequently the quality and size of the labor force is a major determinant of economic growth. Education and vocational training are essential the growth potential of a nation. The promotion of education and job training schemes increase the knowledge, skills and flexibility of the workforce that contributes to potentially higher levels of productivity and efficiency. Whether from natural increase or immigration population growth can cause a higher level of economic growth. An increasing population requires increased public spending on housing, education and other social needs while businesses expectations of

The Thorson committee reported a study report about UNIDIR, International Disarmament Fund for Development. In 1985, Sweden presented a study on conversion, Disarmament Conversion from military to civilian production in Sweden. A new political trend was in demand in France the government was considering the benefits of the relationship between disarmament and development. In August-September1987, the conference was held. (The Unite Nations Disarmament Year Book 1986, 357-371) The second chapter of the final document of the report is precisely about the relationship between disarmament, development and security. The 14th paragraph explains that security is an overriding priority for all nations. It is fundamental for both disarmament and development. The 18th paragraph explains that non-military threats are one of the main worries of global concerns. Degradation of the environment presents a threat to sustainable development. The world cannot be a secure place due to inequalities between wealth and poverty. The 3rd chapter of the final document is about military spending and the costs of military expenditures. Military production or employment provokes a reduction in jobs due to the money spent on military related production instead of civil projects. Governments promise that they will “consider keeping under review issues related to a conversion of military industry to civilian production and undertaking studies and planning for this purpose to

There are several economic, nationalistic, military, and humanitarian reasons that contributed to the growth of