Thomas Aquinas

Rules and regulations govern almost every public activity in the United Sates. These are laws created and enforced by legal authorities to safeguard order, justice, and security in society. Laws help mediate the relationship people and groups have with one another, and outlines a general code of conduct, defining what good law-abiding citizens ought to do, according to society. Laws are universally applicable, and carry with them certain punishments and restrictions for violations or misuse. In places where laws either do not exist or are minimally enforced, then insecurity and chaos are the norm. Despite the benefits of laws, there are instances when they fail to advocate equally for all members of its society. These are unjust laws,

care about these people, yet they are bigger than they will ever know. This lie can be seen

This is similar to Locke’s outlook on the social contract which is directly related to his theory about the state of nature, but his outlook also differs from Aquinas’s understanding of eternal and natural law. Locke believes that God has made every person equal, and the owner of themselves which is their own property. Because of this they need to give certain right to the government or a “social contract” in exchange for protection of their own property. This includes themselves and their gained properties which are gained by

Government encourages each resident to sustain appropriate conduct. Efficiently run communities abide by the correct behavior the authority institutes. To establish reverence in society, authorization constitutes impartial court systems. During our first

The 3 kinds of laws that Aquinas explains are eternal law, natural law and human laws. Eternal law is the law that is written in the mind of God. This means that whichever law that God places in his own mind is the eternal law, meaning that it is unchanging and everlasting. Natural Law is also known as Divine law. This law is in correspondence to the eternal law.

‘Something rather than nothing refers to’ the cosmological argument for the existence of God claiming that all things in nature; ‘something’ are dependent on something else for their existence. As Lucretius puts it in his first book De Rerum Natura, “by observing nature and her laws…her first principle: that nothing’s brought forth by any supernatural power out of naught” hence we arrive at nihil fit ex nihilo ‘nothing comes from nothing’

It is imperative to understand Aquinas’ definition of just and unjust laws. Through defining these terms, we will be able to understand Aquinas’ claim. A law that is just has the power of “binding in conscience” (Aquinas in Dimock, ed., 2002, p.20). It is derived from eternal law and therefore inherently morally correct. An unjust law lacks this integral quality. Aquinas is willing to say that an unjust law is a so-called law, but a just law is a law proper in its entirety.

If a law is not moral, thus it is not a law. Aquinas thinks this for there must be a moral reason to follow a law.  Thus, if a law does not have any moral reason for a person to follow the law, the law is unjust. According to Aquinas, a sanction (a punishment) would not be a good enough reason to follow an unjust law. The Fugitive Slave Law goes against the laws of nature. Humans have their own free will and the law of nature never permits one human to claim another human. People are not property and have their own free will.  Obviously, morality says people are not possessions. One cannot approach a person and say, “I own you.” It is not morally justifiable. To Aquinas the Fugitive Slave Law is not a real law for the sake that the law does not follow morality. At the time of the Fugitive Slave Law, people knew slavery was wrong; so, the jurors in Morris did conduct appropriately. As stated before, natural law theory states a law requires morality. The jurors let the emancipators free since the Fugitive Slave Law was against morality and natural law.  The jurors did the morally suitable thing through the lens of natural law theory since they were doing what morality said.
        Positivism, another attempt to answer what the law is, leads to a similar outcome as the Natural Law theory which was that the jurors in Morris did the right thing. John Austin discusses positivism in his book “The Province of Jurisprudence Determined.” First, Austin defines

states that all wars are sinful, but if it is justified it is not a sin; however, I feel that just because one has authority over others, this shouldn't

The rule of law - at the same time a constitutional state in which all, and above all the authorities are bound to follow, to obey the Constitution, to respect it and act in accordance with it. Part 3 of Art. VI states that all officials, both at the federal level and at the state level, must support the Constitution. This seems to be the foundation of the constitutional law and order, the main guarantee against the abuse of power in relation to the rights and freedoms. Supreme power of supervision of the state of the rule of law, including in the activities of public bodies, by an independent

Both Aristotle and Aquinas were prominent philosophers who wrote profound works that discussed the concept of a highest human good. They also included their own terms of achieving aforesaid good. In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, the highest good is a state of constant seeking as a way of achieving full capacity as a human. The writings of Aquinas have some similarities to the writings of Aristotle, however, in Treatise on Law, he discusses the type and elements of law and allowed the role of God to influence his ideas. His analysis of law ultimately names the highest human good as being in the perfect community with God. Aquinas’s argument supports obedience to law, preexisting inclinations for the good, and a resolution. Aristotle requires that the person constantly seek to know and be at work, which can act as a positive force that drives humans to improve themselves.

discovered and developed ibuprofen. There was a team dedicated to its development, the leaders were Stewart Adams, and his colleagues John Nicholson and Colin Burrows. They first started working on it in the 1950s, to help treat arthritis. Adams and his a associates uncovered a class of compounds, phenylalkanoic acids they acquired analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. It involved ibuprofen, or isobutylphenyl propionic acid. Ibuprofen was first tested on cats and rats. The tests showed that ibuprofen had no impact not the cardiovascular system, nor did it have an unfavorable impact in the respiratory system. After that ibuprofen experienced substantial clinical tests. Trials were done on people that have arthritis, hyperpyrexia, and lumbago. It showed that most of them that received a daily dose of 800 milligrams- 1200 milligrams had remarkable improvement. They had a reduction of pains in their joints, stiffness, joint swelling, and symptoms of carditis. Ibuprofen was patented in the earlier part of 1961, but it was not sold until 1969. Ibuprofen was approved by the FDA, Food and Drug Administration, in 1974 and sold int the USA that year. Ibuprofen is a widely know over the counter drug, but man other drugs are the same except they

St. Thomas Aquinas interpreted Aristotle’s philosophies to be read in a Christian lens. His view demonstrates that moral obligations are determinants of a natural law, one that is acquired from each individual’s “God-given nature and is knowable by [all]” (McBrayer & Markie 2014, p. 241). Aquinas emphasized morality being crucial for everyone, and that God’s plans for his creations include being good. Although, he knew that not everyone was informed of God’s moral rules; so, he theorized that God created the world in accordance to natural laws in which his creations have an innate sense of knowing what is good for themselves. From our intuitive desires, some inclinations are natural, while others are unnatural.

The first principle of law according to Aquinas is that "good is to be done and pursued, and evil is to be avoided. All other precepts of the natural law are based upon this” (ST I-II.94.2). The other precepts are self-preservation, procreation, education of offspring, seek truth avoid ignorance, and live in society. Aquinas believes the natural law is written on every human and every human has equal knowledge of good and evil; however, once individual circumstances are factored in, it is dependent upon humans to follow or ignore it. However, Aquinas believes that “the natural law, in the abstract, can nowise be blotted out from men 's hearts” (ST I-II.94.6) but through bad habits of the society it could be weakened. According to Aquinas, the natural law has two main aspects. The first of these is that “the natural law is altogether unchangeable in its first principles” (ST I-II.94.5), which means God can add to, but not take away from, the law. This only applies to the primary precepts; the secondary precepts may change in some particular aspects. The second aspect is that “the written law is said to be given for the correction of the natural law” (ST I-II.94.6.ad 1); to put it simply, human laws are necessary to fill in the gaps/loopholes left from the natural law. Aquinas’ teachings shows that the actions of human is either good or bad depending on whether it conforms to reason.

The purpose of laws is to protect its citizens. Laws are written and approved by the three main bodies of government, and then are enforced by the police and with the help of the legal system