Thra Analysis Philadelphia

Opponents of the use of the pipeline mode to transport fuel claim that it is responsible for numerous deaths that occur annually. The rate of increased accidents is attributable to the fact that as a mode of fuel transportation, minimal oversight, outdated pipes, and insufficient precautions subject

Oil has been an important resource of energy in America “since the discovery of the Spindletop geyser in 1901. It drove huge growth in the oil industry in America. Within a year, more than 1,500 oil companies had been chartered, and oil became the dominant fuel of the 20th century and an integral part of the American economy” (History.com Staff). This had developed the construction of pipelines to move the oil within the country and offshore in coastal waters. Recently, the federal government approved the construction of a new pipeline that would be transporting crude oil from North Dakota to Illinois.

Many cities in the u.s have been affected by the Oil boom, countless have made millions on this product. Oil isn 't always easy to find, as a matter of fact, it can be very difficult. Often times oil seeps to the top of the surface, making it easy to find, but most of the time people have to drill to find it. In the earlier days rigs could only work on land, however now we can use oil platforms to get oil from under sea beds. Many towns like Bainville and Watford city are being affected very heavily because of the oil, changes include: growth of population, riots, and heavy construction. Not all the people in these towns support and agree with the pipeline, which oftentimes leads to protests and riots. Many protests have ended in arrests because of the violence they promote. Many people across North Dakota have been taking drastic measures such as blocking highways and roads, killing livestock, and violent fights.These people are upset because this pipeline runs across some sacred burial sites of the ancient Native American tribe leaders. The Bakken Shale formation is one of the largest oil and gas industries, it covers over 200,000 square miles in just North Dakota, Montana, and Canada.(Carter,2013) The pipeline is 12inches wide and travels over 500 miles across the US. So far, between North Dakota and eastern Montana they have produced 1 billion barrels of oil. In just North Dakota, jobs are very easy to find in the oil industry.

The Dakota Access Pipeline a controversy for many not just in North Dakota but around the U.S Should the construction continue, or due to extreme circumstances should it be halted immediately. This paper will go over all of the key facts about the Dakota Access Pipeline. How the pipeline is going to affect the environment, the production of oil and greenhouse gasses, the violence, and the fate for the U.S. if we violate sacred treaties.

It does not matter what mode of transportation gets used, there will always be some level of risk when transporting crude oil. In this case the construction company is attempting to choose the most effective way to move the oil, but they are not listening to everyone’s concerns about the environmental impact. In order to invalidate the tribe’s concerns O’Sullivan wrote that “the Corps district office has already determined the project would not cause significant environmental harm.” It is hard to believe that if there was an oil spill that began a half mile away from the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s land that the damage done to their water supply would be insignificant. The original route for the pipeline crossed the Missouri River near Bismarck.

On June 10th, 1999 a gasoline pipeline ruptured in Whatcom Falls Park. This park is located in Bellingham, Washington where the pipeline was controlled by the Olympic Pipeline Company. This break in the gasoline pipeline let over a million liters of gasoline flow into a nearby river in the park. After about an hour and a half the gasoline in the river ignited and caught on fire. The fire burnt along the river for one and a half miles. As a result of the gasoline catching on fire, three people were killed with another eight people injured. It has been estimated that total damages to property reach as high as 45 million dollars. This pipeline explosion was a horrible disaster that could have been avoided for a variety of reasons.

David Morris, a writer specializing in transportation and logistics, gives various examples of past instances in which oil being carried by train has proved harmful to the environment and even fatal to many people involved in the accident. There are also numerous statistical pieces of research included, supporting the concept that railway transport is less safe than using an underground pipeline for the oil. In the Fortune article “Pipelines: The Worst Way to Move Oil, Except For All the Rest”, Morris Presents a short review of the recent events in relation to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) before suggesting another factor that could pose a threat to the area. The dangers of transporting the oil via railway are addressed, giving another perspective on how the situation could be made far worse for the Industries supporting the project and the environmentalists protesting against its

According to a study conducted by Dr. Dagmar Etkin of Environmental Research Consulting, pipelines are not the safest mode of petroleum transportation. In accordance with this information, transportation by train is more effective and safer than using pipelines. The mode of transportation with the highest ratio of oil spillage in waterways is by vehicles such as fuel trucks. Between the years 1980 and 2003, land vehicles were in the lead with 44% oil spillage per transport, while pipelines had 32%. The remaining 24% of oil spills were awarded to train transports. These special train cars are the safest mean of transportation out of the three. Even though the percentages seem to be very close in the spectrum, the total volume of spilled oil from pipelines exceeds road vehicles by over 100,000,000 gallons of oil (Wile). However, a more recent source, the official Dakota Access Pipeline webpage states, “…pipelines are the safest, most efficient method of transporting oil, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation” (“Dakota Access

In response to the quake and presumably in a move to prevent further quakes and damage, Oklahoma state regulators ordered 37 wastewater disposal wells to halt operations. This dramatic action maybe a sign of what’s to come. The question now is whether other states with fracking operations will follow suit. If a ban or moratorium is placed on hydraulic fracturing it is likely to appreciably change the oil and natural gas industry in this country and the economies within the affected states, the nation and our current relationships with other oil producing countries in the world.

On Saturday afternoon, a magnitude 4.5 earthquake hit only three miles northwest of Cushing, Oklahoma; home to one of the largest oil storage facilities in the world, Cushing Hub. The federal government, which designated the hub, and scientists watching the area are concerned of the high possibility of a larger earthquake seriously damaging the storage tanks and pipelines, which could then lead to environmental damage, a risk of fire, and could disrupt the flow of oil throughout the country. The Cushing quake isn't the first of its kind; Oklahoma is now the second most seismically active state due to the tens of millions of barrels of injected wastewater which have lubricated the cracks and and two stretches of fault, making it easier for the

Pipelines are often viewed as a danger to the environment; this can be true as an oil spill can cause tremendous issues of toxicity and the death of wildlife. The companies who build pipelines are doing their best to ensure the safety of the wildlife and the environment. Preventative and safety efforts being made include leak detection systems and trenches that, if a leak were to occur, will keep oil from being carried away from the pipeline and contaminating the surrounding land (Congressional Digest, 2011). The United States has more than 2.4 million miles of energy pipeline; seventy-two thousand of which are crude oil lines used to supply oil to Americans (Kalen, 2012). Pipelines are something that already exist and

While it is true “fracking”, a procedure to obtain natural gas removal from shale formations, it is also true there have been infrastructure security issues associated with this practice. Furthermore, there have been ecological considerations from fracking brought to the forefront by countless environmentalists. Indeed, hydraulic fracturing, as it is referred to, is a process by which shale gas and oil is uprooted from a depth far below the earth’s exterior. The process of extracting shale gas and oil is employed aggressively while water is forced deep beneath the earth surface through a geological arrangement. From this arrangement, oil and gas is exerted back to the earth’s surface. Moreover, once the hydraulic fracturing process is

In 2013, railroads originated more than 400,000 carloads of crude oil, or about 800,000 barrels per day, which represents a 42-fold increase from 2008. This trend is expected to continue as domestic production of shale oil grows, since rail offers a convenient method of transportation to refineries from these newer production sites that are not well served by existing pipeline infrastructure. Accompanying this growth is an increasing number of incidents and amount of property damage, setting records the past three years.

2.0 The impact of fracking on transportation: An overview of national, regional and safety challenges

Train derailments are becoming a growing concern in the United States. Oil tankers that derail have a high probability of puncturing and spilling the oil into nearby streams and rivers. One such instance happened in La Salle, Colorado. On Friday, May 9th 2014, a Union Pacific train carrying 100 cars derailed just north of the South Platte River.