Three Most Important Composers of the Twentieth Centruy

The first Viennese School had the most important composers during the classical era. Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven are all consider some the greatest composers in the world. They also lived in a unique time of music; an age of experimentation and great discovery. That is exactly what they did at the Viennese school: they thoroughly explored possibilities of the major minor system, and perfected a large-scale form of

Moving out of the Classical (1750-1820) and Romantic (1820-1890) period came to be the Modern period, which took place from 1890 – 1950. This period allowed for upcoming artists in this era to collaborate different styles from the Classical and Romantic period, as seen in the patterns of the composers’ pieces. The Modern Period has many influential artists that have been respected through history. Taking a close analysis at Igor Stravinsky, 1882 – 1971 (Yudkin, 202), and Bela Bartok, 1881 - 1945 (Yudkin, 215), by assessing their life and music gives a deeper meaning of what it meant to live through the Modern time frame. During the life of both of these composers the world went

Throughout the early twentieth century, music began to take on a new role as society started to progress and change. In society, music is an important part of culture and the forming of culture, where people can assert and preserve their histories and experiences when facing a change in social conditions. Modernism is defying convention to an extreme degree, disregarding boundaries completely in rhythm and tonality, opening up doors that would eventually redefine the notion of what constitutes music. America and Europe, pre and post WWI, both experienced drastic social changes and technological advances which all contributed to the progression of modernism in music. From segregation and the Great Immigration in America to the deconstruction of traditional culture in Europe, and even the shared rise popularity in folk music in both countries, modernism announces itself as a prevalent and powerful voice in music which is seen through composers such as Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Copland, and Bartok.

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Throughout the course of history there has never been a more influential, creative and versatile composer as Ludwig Van Beethoven. If not for his ability to expand the way in which music is created, played and heard, current music would lack the polyphonic sound that is needed in order to create texture and depth. Beethoven is believed to be purely a classical composer. However, to the contrary he can also be considered purely romantic. His compositions consisted of a form that was never heard before and in turn inspired future artists to copy him. This form was believed to have created the basis for music during the Romantic Era. Ludwig Van Beethoven’s ability to break compositional boundaries, ultimately created an everlasting sound because the forms and style in which he wrote in, are still used and applied to music today.

Mahler’s work helped influence the work of the Second Viennese School (Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg) to move beyond progressive tonality to

“Inspiration is a guest that does not willingly visit the lazy,” Tchaikovsky once said, and it can be agreed on how influential and inspirational he once was, and still is, in music history. Music has evolved at an unimaginable rate over the past couple of centuries, and none of these advancements would have been possible without magnificent composers creating them. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was one of the most popular of these composers in history and is someone whose musical composures are famous with almost everyone. Though he lived a struggling life with frequent hardships, he was still able to create numerous influential works, many of which are used in today’s movies and shows, and impacted

Further research could be done to identify how the compositional styles of 19th Century opera composers influence the development of post-nineteenth century music

Arnold Schoenberg was one of the greatest musical influences of the mid 20th Century. He was born on September 13, 1874, to a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria (Schoenberg 1). Schoenberg was a young Jewish man during World War I (WWI) living in Berlin. He was directly affected by the invasion of the Nazis. In 1933, he had to leave Berlin and desert his faith for Lutheranism later on taking on the faith of Judaism. At the early age of eight, he began violin lessons and almost immediately started composing music (Schoenberg 1). He was self-taught until the age of 10 when he began formal training (Schoenberg 1). He earned a living by orchestrating operettas, directing a cabaret orchestra, and teaching. Schoenberg influenced the music and

The first piece of music is from the twentieth century because the use of glissando.The harmony of the music sound disonance or unstable. The rhythm of the music is polyrhythm because it has two or more contrasting,independent rhythms. The music sounds transparent because individual tone color can be heard clearly.

In the 20th-century, romantic was the style in music. Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss and Jean Sibelius were pushing the bounds of Post-Romantic Symphonic writing. Claude Debussy lead the Impressionist movement that was developed in France at the same time. Many composers reacted to the Post-Romantic and impressionist styles and moved in different directions. Widespread break was the single most important moment in expounding the course of music throughout the century. It effected different composers in diverse ways in the first decade of the century. In Vienna, Arnold Schoenberg developed atonality out of the expressionism that arose in the early 20th-century. Arnold later developed the twelve-tone technique which was developed further by

Arnold Schoenberg was born on 13th September 1874 in Vienna. He started taking violin lessons at the age of 8. One year later he started composing music. He also took some counterpoint lessons but for the most part he was self-thought. He lost his father at the age of 15 so he had to provide for his family. He left school and got a job at a bank. At that time Vienna’s infrastructure was modernizing. Vienna became an industrial city and cultural life improved. Schoenberg could not afford the cultural venues because he was poor. He went to concerts and stood behind the fence so he could hear the music for free. Later he left the bank and started conducting and orchestrating

Inspiration, idealistic, caustic, unorthodox, assertive, ambiguous, Gustav Mahler has astonished the world with symphonies ranging in violence to tenderness throughout the 20th century. During an era of musical progression in fin-de-siécle, an anxious mood, Mahler, a conductor and composer, took an inherent stance in composition. Even though much of his musical works weren’t popular until 40 years after his death, the discovery of his ingenious talents were unparalleled to other composers of that time. His role in war and revolutionary music has led to advancements in orchestral repertoire in his career as an opera conductor across Vienna. A unique sound in his nine full symphonies of various forms of Romanticism made him a pioneer of compositional techniques that refined music and influenced Arnold Schoenberg, Benjamin Britten, Dmitry Shostakovich, and other artists that have contributed to revolutionary music.

In todays’ society a musician must grapple with many different artistic realities. The current musical landscape includes many different styles from music in pop culture to music existing predominantly in the academic field. In this vast sea of musical styles the compositional career of John Adams was born. In this ever-changing era of musical styles John Adams has created a style for himself titled Post-Minimalism. The Post Minimalistic music of John Adams was derived through many cultural and musical influences of the 1900’s and early 2000’s, specifically as a reaction to Schoenberg’s Viennese school. John Adams’ orchestral work Harmonielehre shows a conscious reaction to Schoenberg’s serial music and a synthesis of many styles of music while including serial elements from the Viennese school. This connection makes the work of Adams different from other minimalistic composers at the same time ushering an era of New or Post Minimalism, creating an accessibility in both the symphonic orchestra and minimalism repetoire that did not exist.

Some of the major composers of the classical period were Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer, he was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio and his contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" due to his establishment of the four-movement format that became commonly accepted. Some of his genres were symphony, concerto, string quartet, sonata, opera, and Oratorio. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer who composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. He composed more than 600 works, most of his greatest works were during his