Three Psychological Research Methods Essay

The most conflicted relationship between authoritarians and respect of parents is most commonly found between

Those who are in power are not accountable to constituencies and public policy does not derive from social consent. Within sociology and political science, particularly within comparative politics, authoritarianism has been understood as a modern type of political regime. Therefore, the concept focuses on the way of accessing, exercising, and organizing power, on the nature of the belief system, and the role of citizens in the political

Accordingly, Rotter proposed that people with an internal locus of control, having a confident personality, are more likely to resist to social influence. There are different studies supporting this idea. For instance, in their experiment consisting in interviewing the subjects, Oliner and Oliner (1988) suggested that the 406-non-Jewish participants who lived during the Holocaust in Germany and protected Jewish people were more inclined to have a higher internal locus of control in contrast to the 126 individuals who obeyed to commands. This outcome supports Rotter’s theory that internals are not as likely to follow commands in contrast to externals who may be more easily persuaded, although there may be other aspects that have to be considered in view of the circumstances people lived in WWII.

The rise of fascism in Germany in the 1930’s and the acts of aggression and atrocities committed by the Nazis during the Second World War led to questions being asked as to why some people where prone to such levels of violence and hate in the name of political ideology. The ‘Authoritarian Personality’ was a concept suggested in 1950 by German sociologist Theodor Adorno and colleagues following their research identifying the personality traits believed to allow an individual to be bias towards and follow a fascist ideology. Although initially met with great excitement, over time the authoritarian personality alone

The purpose of this essay is to outline the similarities and differences between Adorno et al.s (1950) and Altemeyers (1981) approach to authoritarianism. In 1981 Bob Altemeyer revamped Adornos study on authoritarianism, focusing on who the followers are, how they got that way, how they think and why they are so submissive and aggressive.

Qualitative and quantitative researches are the two basic research categories which are used in psychology, with both these type of research having advantages and best limitations to their use in researching.

It is common for researchers to compare qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative methods originate from positivist and post- positivist research paradigms. Also, the methods objectively examine statistical data to determine cause and affect and often use generalizable data. There are various methods used in quantitative research such as surveys,

That leads to the need to understand what it is that motivates authoritarianism. What is it that translates latent views about child-rearing into a

This article presents the history of the “authoritarian personality trait”, from the moment it was “revealed/coined” to its modern use as well as the main studies designed to measure it. We then focus on the effects of social conformity and obedience have on people who score high on authoritarian scales, trying to see if there is a correlation. With empirical findings, this paper argues that XXX, which can be explained by XXXX This paper further develop that the results cannot predict political orientation and behaviors as the answers given can be influenced by the XXX (media/news/fear of threat for people with low authoritarian VS high authoritarian affected by fear of social deviance)

The article, “The Authoritarian Personality,” written by Erich Fromm discusses the common and different characteristics between the two forms of an authoritarian personality. He starts to explain how one becomes a mature person. He states that to become a mature person, said person needs to have developed love and reason. He then states that an authoritarian character has not reached maturity, and therefore, has not developed love or reason. Erich Fromm continues to explain that the difference between the ruler and the ruled is how they start to feel “greater.” The way the ruled feels “greater” is by depending on their ruler for guidance and by following the ruler to become a part of the larger group. The way the ruler feels “greater” is by depending on the ruled to continue to look at them as strong and powerful. He then points out that one person can hold both the ruler and the ruled characteristics. Erich Fromm continues to explain the differences between rational and irrational authority and where these two forms of authority are found. He ends by saying that the understanding of love and reason, and developing said characteristics is the foundation to a person’s own authority and political democracy. While reading this article, it brought me back to all the times I have dealt with people who have authoritative personalities and how it affected me. As stated by Erich Fromm, all people with authority personalities contain components of both the ruler and the ruled.

This essay will examine and assess the influence of other people on human behaviour and performance, starting with Adorno et al (1950)'s large-scale study on the authoritarian personality with it's focus on the parental and family influence as well as alternative explanations, including evidence that multiple factors influence the formation of authoritarianism. It will then go on to examine the influence of peers in friendship choices and the significance of cultural differences as explored by Gonzalez et al (2004) in today's technologically advanced society. Finally, the essay will use the research done by Loftus and

The first similarity this essay would point to is both Adorno et al.’s and Altemeyer sought to measure and score authoritarianism personality characteristics. Adorno et al. Had pursued this by creating many scales which would measure anti-Semitism, ethnocentrism and politico-economic conservatism also he also produced his F-Scale to measure fascism (Brace et al. p28-31. 2012). But yet, critics of the F-Scale discovered flaws in the scale construction, noting that all the statements on the scale ran in the same direction which could result in acquiescence response bias (Brace et al. p39. 2012). In addition, Robert Rosenthal noted that confirmatory bias could have affected the interviews, because the administration of double blind procedures was not taken.

A debate rages in psychology. It is not one of the usual kind, dwelling on a specific aspect of the mind or a new drug, but a controversy dealing with the very foundations of psychology. The issue is determining how psychologists should treat patients and on what psychologists base their choices. Some feel that they must be empirically-supported treatments, treatments backed by hard data and scientifically supported. Others feel that this standard for treatments is much too confining for the complex field of psychology and that many good treatments cannot be backed by hard data. The American Psychological Association President Task Force on Evidence-Based Treatment came out with a plan for psychology that effectively maintains a high

The primary focal point of the authoritarian style is on respect rather than parent-child relationships. Authoritarian parents are known for being strict. They lay out rules and expect their children to follow them without question, even if the child has a valid reason for questioning a decision. They establish many rules for the household and leave little or no room for negotiation on policies. Authoritarian parents also fail to explain why the rules exist because they believe that, as the parent, they are the authority on all decisions and shouldn’t be questioned.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role that rudeness plays in power acquisition differs in individualistic and collectivist cultures. Past studies have found that violating social norms increases the perceived power status of the violator in the eyes of others. However, studies have yet to examine if these perceptions would cause a rise in opportunities to acquire power, and how this varies across different cultures. To conduct this study, 5 groups of 10 participants, ranging in age from 25-35, will be asked to choose a leader for the group from two identical twin actors - one who violates social norms and one who follows them. Twin actors will be chosen as to eliminate any superficial power cues - such as height, age, gender and attractiveness which have been revealed in past research. This study will be replicated in four different cities with varying cultural orientations. I hypothesize that collectivist cultures will be less likely to choose a norm-violating individual as a leader when compared to individualistic cultures.