Thucydides On The Peloponnesian War

The Black Death discusses the causes and results of the plague that devastated medieval Europe. It focuses on the many effects it had on the culture of medieval Europe and the possibility that it expedited cultural change. I found that Robert S. Gottfried had two main theses in the book. He argued that rodent and insect life cycles, as well as the changing of weather systems affect plague. He claimed that the devastation plague causes is partly due to its perpetual recurrences. Plague ravaged Europe in cycles, devastated the people when they were recuperating. As can be later discovered in the book, the cycles of plague consumed the European population. A second thesis, which he described in greater detail,

The Peloponnesian War pitted the Athenians against the Spartans. The Peloponnesians’ were an alliance of city-states controlled by Sparta. These two powerful city-states became locked in a struggle for dominance of the eastern Mediterranean area. The roots of the conflict and in particular this expedition is highly complex. As Thucydides says in his history of the war, the underlying cause was Spartan fear of Athens' expansive power. But, the triggering event was Athens' aggressive behavior towards Corinth, an ally of Sparta.

1) According to Thucydides, during the civil war at Corcyra a re-evaluation of values took place in the populace (3.82). Explain the nature of these re-evaluations, and the reason(s) they took place.

Action from necessity is a constantly recurring theme in Thucydides’ The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War. A sentiment used to explain the growth of the Athenian Empire which some Athenians espoused to an assembly at Sparta best quantifies necessity, “. . . we were necessarily compelled at first to advance the hegemony to where it is—especially by fear, and then by honor, and later by benefit.” (Selected Passages 1.75.3). This claim, referred to as the Athenian Thesis, is used to advance the two following implications: all states act with the motivations of fear, honor and interest and no one can condemn a state for doing so. The Athenian Thesis influences the way many of the Athenian elite structure their patterns of reasoning in both noticeable and subtle ways.

Throughout the Ancient Greek world, there have been many wars and standoffs. However, there has been only one which changed the course of Greek history forever; the Peloponnesian War. Caused by the growing tension between Athens and Sparta, it came and left, leaving only destruction in its wake. The defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War caused the downfall of Greece, and the end of the Classical Age.

"Just before the Peloponnesian War began, Pericles of Athens and King Archidamus of Sparta provided net assessments of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the two sides. Evaluate their projections."

In death’s atrocity, Achilles and the Athenians turn towards their self-interests in hopes to regain control and dignity. Achilles withdraws from the army in hopes they will recognize his worth, thus restoring honor to him. The Greeks “were stricken with unendurable grief” yet his “proud spirit” kept him from letting go of his anger. (Il. 9.4, 259). His inability to understand his mortality and resulting lack of philotēs “pitched countless souls of heroes into Hades’ dark” (Il. 1.3-4). Falling into fits of self-pity, Achilles is unable to recognize others’ sufferings, even of his own people. He complains to his mother that Agamemnon “has taken away [his] prize and dishonored” him and playing a lyre by the shore, away from the war displaying death’s reality (Il. 1.370). In his isolating mēnis, Achilles hardens into an apathetic death-like figure. Similarly, the Athenians begin to lack pity as their city turned towards “unprecedented lawlessness,… acts of self-indulgence,” and immorality during the plague (HPW 2.53). The Athenians even abandon their own people in fear of falling ill as well. Their civilization reveals it shallow-nature as they result to only considering present desires as honorable. In the face

The Plague, by Albert Camus, is a story following a man named Dr. Rieux living in the town of Oran on the coast of Algeria, which was a French owned territory in Africa. In this town, a plague begins, similar to that of the Bubonic plague in Europe, and the town is quarantined. The story shows how the residents cope and try to create a cure while surrounded by dying people and a lack of supplies and entertainment. In this novel, he uses the format of a Shakespearean play, with five acts and from the point of view of an audience looking in, rather than from a first-person view. He also points to the Greek myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, where Orpheus goes against all odds to the underworld to rescue his love, Eurydice, who was taken from him by

The authors of this article place a focus on Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and its containing of a lethal plague that profoundly affects this work of drama. In attempting to unravel the factors and descriptions of this plague as depicted in the work, the authors attempt to trace the plague throughout the text as well as search for a possible underlying cause. In comparing the plague within Oedipus Rex to the historical plague of Athens, the authors of this article allow the reader a more in-depth look at the time that Sophocles' writing sought to portray.

FACTS Athens maintained some success. The Spartan King Archimedes II lay siege to the city revolt of Plataea, and the Athenians were able to hold out there until 427, when the city fell. It was during this time that , incited by the Spartans, took place at Mytilene. The second stage of the Second Peloponnesian War lasted from 421 to 413, and saw battles in Syracuse and Sicily.

Counter Argument When recalling the Peloponnesian War, unlike the Russo-Japanese War, the strategic goals of this war seemed to change throughout the 27 years that it was active. It originally stemmed from the disagreement of Athens (sea power) controlling where Megara merchants could conduct business or perform trading. Sparta (land power) wasn’t in agreement to the control of Megara by Athens and decided to stand up for Megara and surrounding cities. In the Russo-Japanese War, you had a super power and rising power but in the Peloponnesian War, you have two super powers who want to show the world that one of them is the G.O.A.T. (Greatest of All Times) over the other.

The Peloponnesian war (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens against the Peloponnesian led by Sparta. Thucydides famously claims that the war started “because the Spartans were afraid of further growth of Athenian power, seeing as they did have the greater part of Hellas was under the control of Athens”. The two main protagonists from opposing sides Lysander and Alcibiades had the most influential impact on the end of the war.

of events which I am going to look at to see if there was a single

Titus Lucretius, an atheist or agnostic Roman poet and philosopher inspired by the works of Epicurus. Lucretius believed in the theory of atomism which lead to materialistic thinking and how atomism affects how one should view the purpose of life especially at the end of one’s life. Lucretius has written his thoughts on death at Book III of De Rerum Natura – the translation used is by Rolfe Humphries which translates the title as The Way Things Are. In The Way Things Are, Lucretius makes three main arguments; there is no need for the fear of death, the fear itself is the source of human evil, and the living life is far worse than death. These arguments are towards the general public of Romans especially those who are religious (both Roman and Greek mythical and religious influences).

Lucretius was a epicurean poet at the end of the late roman republic era and wrote ‘On The Nature of Things’, the