Thymolthyme Research Paper

In this laboratory exercise, we used the single celled ciliated protist Tetrahymena to be a model organism for the formation of vacuoles. For this lab, you should be able to see Tetrahymena vacuole formation through phagocytosis, and be able to calculate the rate of formation. The cilia of the organisms sweep food particles into the "mouth" of the cell, and get enclosed within the vacuoles through the process of phagocytosis. You can visualize that process through a microscope and feeding Tetrahymena India Ink, stained yeast cells, and observe vacuole formation. In order to test whether or not the concentration of India ink affects the rate of

There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain foods or antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that I have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identification of an unknown bacterium.

tells me how I breath, eat, use my brain, etc. The decisions I make all reflect around

The discovery of free fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood during pregnancy revolutionized noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Advancements in prenatal diagnosis in the past decade have enabled clinicians to accurately diagnose genetic abnormalities in the fetus earlier and without risk of miscarriage as is associated with amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. Sequencing and analysis of the fetal genome has not only improved prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies, but also subchromosomal aberrations and monogenic disorders. This lends parents earlier and more specific information that may guide their decisions during pregnancy to benefit

The thylacine commonly known as the Tasmanian Tiger (because of its back is striped like a tiger) of Tasmanian Wolf was native to Tasmania but evidence shows that they once populated areas in Australia as well as Pap New Guinea. It's scientific name is Thylacinus Cynocephalus meaning dog-headed pouched one in the Greek language. Although this animal shares many similarities to the Canidae family (wolves, dingoes, foxes ect.) it was the last of its family: Thylacinidae. This animal was the only one in its family to have survived the modern times and is the largest known carnivorous marsupial of these times.

Although often dubbed the ‘Marsupial lion’, Thylacoleo was not related to existing lions today which are members of the Pantherinae. On top of this, todays big cats like lions are what are known as placental mammals, which means that young develop while attached to a placenta inside of the mother’s body. Thylacoleo however was a marsupial which means that young were passed into an external pouch at a very early stage of their development. Development would continue inside the much until the young were ready to walk about for themselves. Young would have stayed with the mother until they were capable of hunting for themselves, although they may have eventually been chased off by the mother as she became reproductively receptive again.

The methodology involved using the plant’s flower bud by washing it in sterile water, dried, and crushed into a powder. Eventually it was converted into an ethanol and methanol extract and observed for any effects on MRSA strains (Yadav et al., 2011). The results showed that both extracts had inhibitory effects on various MRSA strains and could have the potential for use as an antibacterial agent for multidrug resistant strains (Yadav et al., 2011). In some ways the study suggests that cloves can play a role in treating bacterial infections, but it is possible that converting it into an ethanol or methanol extract might have improved its effectiveness on MRSA strains. Using clove capsules to cleanse the body of microorganisms may or may not be as effective since the concentration of cloves per dose is different from the effectiveness of an ethanol or methanol extract used as an antibacterial

But a bigger problem seemed to be that the starting material, shikimic acid, comes from a limited source — the Chinese cooking spice star anise. Ironically, one solution to the problem of manufacturing the antiviral could lie within bacteria. One-third of Roche's Tamiflu supplies is currently made by engineering bacteria to produce shikimic acid; whether this technology can be scaled up to cope with the increased demand remains to be seen.

The Chimera was a three-headed monster which ravaged the countryside of Lycia in Anatolia. It was a bizarre fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, a goat's head rising from its back, the udders of a goat, and a serpent for a tail. According to Hesiod, she was the daughter of Typhon and Echidna, and had three heads, one of each of the three animals before mentioned, whence she is called “trikephalos” or “trisomatos.” The origin of the notion of this fire-breathing monster must probably be because of the volcano of the name of Chimaera near Phaselis, in Lycia, or in the volcanic valley near the Cragus, which is described as the scene of the events connected with the

In this article we are going to give you a natural solution for numerous of disease. It is the best natural antibiotic which is used for years from people around the world.

This article relates to the biochemistry unit of AP biology, it explains how energy is a necessary factor for many body functions such as cell growth, body movement and development. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are major fuel sources that every living organism needs as a and each source requires a different way of being converted into energy. Each of these fuel molecules are digested and absorbed in the digestive tract, the molecules are absorbed as glucose, monoacylglycerol, a chain of fatty acids, peptides and amino acids, respectively. There are two ways that ATP is synthesized: 1. Oxidative Phosphorylation, the main method for energy production and the second is substrate level phosphorylation which is the transfer of a phosphoryl group and this method can happen both in the cytoplasma and mitochondria. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from the fuel molecules are removed by coenzymes, such as nicotinamide adenine and flavin adenine through protein complexes also known as ETS (electron transfer systems).

Research has been conducted on the contents on tea tree oil and studies have shown that only 13% of patients treated for a MSRA infection (usually a skin boil caused by a staph bacterium (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2016)) were cleared, compared to an impressive 30% of patients being cleared of the infection after being treated with tea tree oil. Within tea tree oil, there are over 100 chemicals making the formula and seven of those chemicals are terpenes. (Science News, 2001) Terpenes are “any of a large group of volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants”. (Merriam Webster, 2016) Tea tree oil is mostly composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their associated alcohols. Seemingly, when these terpenes are introduced to bacteria, they practically punch holes in to the bacteria, causing them to die. The primary theory behind the mechanism of action against bacteria is based off tea tree oil’s hydrocarbon structure (structures that only consist of carbon and hydrogen) and associated lipophilicity (the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oil, liquids, etc.) Hydrocarbons separate in to biological membranes and disrupt their vital functions, thus causing in this case, bacteria, to be affected and lose potential of causing any more damage or harm to an organism. (Carson, 2006) These studies help with understanding why the tree tea oil was the prime antibacterial agent, compared to its other natural and synthetic counterparts. Nonetheless, there is still the possibility of human error or unintentional mistakes that prevented the other antibacterial agents from performing

Due to the increasing interest in using naturally occurring compounds for medicinal purposes, black cumin has become one of the most widely studied plants phytochemically and pharmacologically (7). Nigella sativa is composed of different active constituents (15). Of these constituents, thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound and the one that has been most extensively studied (4). Numerous studies have found that TQ exhibits anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms including anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects (4).

It cures asthma, cough, diabetes insipidus, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, edema, abdominal diseases, worm infestation, hoarseness of voice, malabsorption, constipation, malaria, abdominal tumor, tympanitis, ulcers, vomiting or emesis, hiccough, disease of the throat, hearty aliments, jaundice, colicky pain, disease of liver and spleen, dysuria and anuria. Fresh fruit of being mild laxative and used in the treatment of constipation. Ripe fruit is astringent. Basically T. chebula is tonic and given with various vehicles in different

In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the resin of Ugandan Canarium was determined, and its anti-termitic activity was established.