Thyroid Gland Research Paper

The thyroid gland is an integral part of the endocrine system in the human body. The thyroid gland secretes the thyroid hormone, which plays an important role in the growth of the body. The thyroid is butterfly shaped, and located at the bottom of the neck. Two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine and triidothyronine. Both of these hormones help the body grow after birth, and they also aid tissues increase their oxygen use within these tissues. The thyroid gland secretes another hormone that plays a part in skeletal growth called thyrocalcitonin. “It decreases circulating calcium by inhibiting bone resorption and by promoting calcium deposition in the bones,” Haywood and Getchell (2005) state.

pituitary is not creating as much TSH. This would cause the Thyroid to stop producing T4

Tympanic membrane perforations are very common disease. There are many factors that can contribute to this condition. Trauma, accidents, foreign objects on the ear and Middle ear infections frequently results in the accumulation of fluids in their middle ear causing a pressure capable to rupture the

Hyperthyroidism is a malfunction of the thyroid gland, where the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid hormone is responsible for the body's use of energy, metabolic rates, and proper functioning of the organ systems (Graves disease, 2014). It is an essential hormone for homeostasis.

The thyroid gland is the gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions in the body. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea. It has the shape of a butterfly with two lobes attached to one another by a middle part called the isthmus. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in some foods and in iodized salt, to make its hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine

Like many other organs and cells in the body, the heart is affected by decrease secretion of thyroid hormone. The heart mainly relies of T3, for it is the hormone that is transported into the myocytes. T3 binds to thyroid hormone receptors, which is the start of its many cellular actions. The activation of T3 in the myocytes is responsible for systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, contractility, and blood volume. In primary overt hypothyroidism, there is a hyposecretion of T4 and T3, which affects the cardiovascular hemodynamics. If there is not a sufficient amount of T4 to convert to T3, then there is not enough T3 available for the myocytes to carry out their cellular reaction. As a result, there is a decrease in cardiac output and cardiac contractility with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. People with cardiovascular dysfunction due to primary overt hypothyroidism typically present with bradycardia, hypertension, dyspnea on exertion, and edema. However, most of the cardiovascular dysfunction responds well with thyroxine replacement therapy (Danzi;

This process originates in the hypothalamus when thyrotropin, otherwise known as TRH, is secreted and passes through the hypothalamic vein (Kapustin, 2010). Once the thyrotropin reaches the TRH receptors, they bind and make genes synthesize a thyroid stimulating hormone, otherwise known as TSH (Kapustin, 2010). When the pituitary makes mature TSH, thyroxin and triiodothyronine hormones are produced and secreted and implements a complicated negative feedback process that low levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine cause TSH levels to rise and high levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine cause levels of TSH to decrease (Huether & McCance, 2012). Not enough credit is given to this little thyroid gland on the front of the neck. The thyroid helps regulates powerful hormones that are required for growth and development as well as maintaining homeostasis. If we don’t have enough of the thyroid hormone, myxedema can occur. Myxedema can cause multiple organ complications that lead to serious illnesses. For example, with myxedema affecting the heart, complications such as pericardial effusion and bradycardia can occur and with myxedema affecting the reproductive organs, infertility can occur (Kapustin,

The Thyroid Gland - The thyroid gland produces hormones which regulate the body's metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development and bone maintenance. Its correct functioning depends on having a good supply of iodine from the diet.

Thyroid Function Tests: The thyroid’s job is to make thyroid hormones, which are secreted into the blood and the carried to every tissue in the body. The major thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, also called T4 as it contains four iodine atoms. T4 is converted to T3 (triodothyronine) by removal of iodine atom. It occurs mainly in liver and in brain. The amount of T4 produced is controlled by another hormone which is made in the pituitary gland located at the base of brain, called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The amount of TSH is in the blood depends on the amount of T4 that the pituitary sees. If the pituitary sees very little T4, then it produces more TSH to tell thyroid gland to produce more T4.When T4 in the bloodstream goes above a certain level, the pituitary’s production of TSH is shut off. The thyroid and pituitary act like heater and a thermostat. If it’s cold the thermostat reads the temperature and turns on the heater. Thus, the thyroid and pituitary, like heater turn on and off. T4 and T3 circulate almost entirely proteins, and when these proteins change their level in the blood, there is change in T4 and T3 levels.

The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes

Thyroid hormone production is regulated by a hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone and it is made in the brain by the pituitary gland. Since it occurs in the thyroid gland, thyroid hormones affect metabolism, brain development, body temperature, skin dryness, and it speeds up many of the body’s functions. The

This can be problematic due to the fact the thyroid is the control mechanism for the metabolism which in turn affects your body’s temperature, heartbeat and how well a person burns calories. So if your thyroid hormone is low your body may have less energy and your metabolism can become very stagnant.

These hormones have a critical role in cell differentiation during development and help maintain thermogenic and metabolic homeostasis in the adults.12 Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent in the population and mostly affect women in childbearing age.13 In pregnancy, thyroid gland displays mild to moderate enlargement because of increased physiological demands. Thyroid function is altered by 4 factors in pregnancy: i) the transient increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during the first trimester, which cross-reacts with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor; ii) the estrogen-induced rise in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) which is the major transport protein for thyroid hormone; iii) increased autoimmunity; and iv) increased urinary iodide clearance, which can cause impaired thyroid hormone production in areas of low iodine supply.12,14-17 Consequently, the levels of both T3 and T4, the major hormones released by the thyroid, increase by ~50% and serum TSH levels decrease in the first trimester and increase in the second and third

The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. It makes hormones called T3 and T4. They regulate how the body uses energy. Thyroid hormone levels are controlled by the pituitary, which is a pea-sized gland in the brain. It makes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which triggers the thyroid to make thyroid hormone.

In a normally functioning body, Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are hormones produced by the thyroid gland. They help control the rate at which the body uses energy and are regulated by a feedback system. Thyrotropin or Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland stimulates the production and release of T4 (primarily) and T3 by the thyroid. Most of the T4 and T3 circulates, bound to protein, in the blood. A small percentage is free (not bound).