Thyroid Research Paper

Graves ' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The gland is located at the front of the neck above where the collarbones meet. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is important for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels. When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is most common in women over age 20. But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Some of the symptoms of Graves diseases are

According to The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis begins with a physical exam and medical history. A goiter, nodules, or growths may be found during a physical exam, and symptoms may suggest hypothyroidism. Health care providers will then perform blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic blood tests may include the TSH, which, if above normal lab values, means a patient has hypothyroidism. Blood tests also include T4, which is the amount of thyroid hormone in the blood. In hypothyroidism, the blood lab values are lower than normal. The anti-thyroid antibody tests look for presence of thyroid autoantibodies. Most people with Hashimoto’s disease have these antibodies; however, hypothyroidism isn’t always caused

Week 3 – LOM Assignment The thyroid is responsible for taking iodine and converting it into thyroid hormones which are released into the blood stream and transported throughout the body where they control metabolism.1 The thyroid is a vital part of the human body as every cell in the body depends on it for metabolic regulation. Too much or too little thyroid hormone secretion can result in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid secretes too many thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism causes a rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure and tremors. Other symptoms include increased nervousness, inability to concentrate, weakness, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, frequent bowel movements, weight loss and irregular

A physical exam and blood tests can usually determine if you have a thyroid issue, which one, and the potential causes of it.

Commonly, problems with the thyroid involve an abnormal production level of these hormones. It is called hyperthyroidism if there the thyroid hormones are overproduced, and this can cause things like Graves’ disease, Toxic adenomas, and subacute thyroiditis (7). Hypothyroidism is the underproduction of the hormones which can be caused by an inflamed thyroid, iodine deficiency, a non-functioning thyroid gland and more. Hypothyroidism is especially dangerous in infants and newborns as the lack of these thyroid hormones can lead to mental retardation and dwarfism (7). However, in humans hypothyroidism can be caused by things such as a pituitary disorder, a defective thyroid or a lack of the gland completely. (7)

Graves' disease, which is caused by a generalized overactivity of the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland usually is renegade, which means it has lost the ability to respond to the normal control by the pituitary gland via TSH. Graves' disease is hereditary and is up to five times more common among women than men. The triggers for Graves' disease include stress,

Hypothyroidism is not a disease itself, but is a condition that a disease state causes (Buckley & Schub, 2008). Many of the causes of hypothyroidism are related to autoimmune conditions, where the body attacks itself, rendering the thyroid useless (Raisbeck, 2009). In fact, this is the most common cause of hypothyroidism (Raisbeck, 2009). Second to autoimmune disease is overcorrection of hyperthyroidism by surgery or radiation treatment (Walker, 2009). Thyroidectomy is the third most-prevalent cause, usually for the treatment of cancer

Your health care provider may also suspect a thyroid nodule based on your symptoms. You may also have tests, including:

Graves’ disease, also known as hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when antibodies overstimulate thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Hyperstimulation of TSH receptors leads to an increased amount of circulating triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). An increased production of T3 and T4 lead to an increased metabolic rate. This can lead to clinical manifestations of diaphoresis, heat intolerance, increased cardiac output, tachycardia, exophthalmos and weight loss. If untreated, hyperthyroidism can turn into a thyrotoxic crisis, triggered by stressful events. Thyrotoxic crisis exceeds the metabolic strains on the body. Clinical manifestations such as hyperthermia, tachycardia, and heart failure can lead to death within forty-eight

There are many causes of hyperthyroidism, but the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same no matter what causes the over expression of thyroid hormones. The main symptoms of hyperthyroidism are fatigue, shortness of breath, weak muscles, anxiety, difficulty sleeping and heart palpitations. Interestingly, even with an increase in appetite the patient will have weight loss.

Graves disease is the swelling of the neck and protrusion of the eyes resulting from an overactive thyroid gland. Women are five times more likely to suffer from Graves disease, the most common ages are between 20 and 40 ("Graves' disease." par. 1). It is common for people with Graves disease to get it after they have had an infection or they have been under a lot of physical or mental stress. Graves disease only affects around 0.5% of the population, but it is the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism about 80% of the time (Brent, Gregory A. par. 3). Hyperthyroidism is when your thyroid is overactive, this causes an increased heartbeat and metabolism. I found this topic to be interesting because I’ve never heard of this disease before. Its name caught my attention and when I started a brief search on the disease, I wanted to deeper explore the topic. Graves disease affects many people in many different ways, which can make it hard to diagnose. Many of the small symptoms add up to this dangerous disease

Hyperthyroidism has a varying group of signs and symptoms. Because the thyroid has an effect on all functions of the body and metabolism, many things occur through They can range from nervousness to exophthalmos. The most important symptom is tachycardia. If there is an unexplained or persistent bout of tachycardia, it should be monitored carefully for any signs of other disorders or diseases. One sign of hyperthyroidism seen often is exophthalmos or proptosis, the protrusion of a single or both eye. This is an opthalmyopathy that can go along with lid lag, photophobia, diplopia and irritation (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014¬). This is due to edema in the tissues surround the eyes. Other symptoms of hyperthyroidism are palpitations, tremors, shortness of breath and dyspnea, muscle weakness, flushing, diaphoresis, irregular menstruation (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea), hyperventilation, and increased body temperature or heat

Even though Hyperthyroidism in, Graves’s’ disease is an autoimmune disorder because of the increase demand on the body if left untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications , such as an increase in cardiac output, higher oxygen consumption and increased metabolic rate along with coagulation issues (Porth & Gaspard, 2015). The CNS reacts to too much thyroid hormone too much hormone induces anxiety and nervousness.

I was diagnosed with hypothyroidism a few years back. For those who aren’t aware of it, the thyroid gland in our bodies is responsible for controlling our metabolism. In order to keep things normal, the pituitary gland releases a thyroid-stimulating hormone to arouse it. As a response, the thyroid releases two hormones, T3 and T4. When one has hypothyroidism, thyroid gland stops producing enough of these two hormones and that is where the imbalance begins. This comes tied with symptoms such as fatigue, depression, irritability, increased sensitivity to cold, aches and pains, weight gain, fogginess and occasional forgetfulness. Ever since my diagnosis, I have been forced to take hormone replacement medications and will continue to do till the day I die.

The thyroid is an endocrine gland located at the base of the neck. It produces thyroid hormones which effect the bodies metabolic rate and protein synthesis. The thyroid hormones include triiodothyronine and thyroxine which are made from iodine and tyrosine. These hormones are controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain. When these hormones are produced in an insufficient amount hyperthyroidism occurs. Hypothyroidism can be subdivided into two classes; primary disease which affects the thyroid gland itself or central disease which results from dysfunction of the pituitary or hypothalamus. The causes of hypothyroidism include autoimmune thyroiditis, radioiodine ablation,