A Nationality without a state is a religious or ethnic group of unified people that find sovereignty within the borders of an existing state. They are not recognized by the
UN and any sovereign political organizations. Stateless nations are also denied any national and cultural identity or recognition. I have chosen Tibet for my stateless nation to show how widespread Tibetan culture and religion are over the world. My paper will examine Tibet's history, culture, religion and persecution and struggles with the
People's Republic of China throughout their existence. Tibetan culture has a history that is thousands of years old that started in the region north-east of the Himalayas on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia, but has vastly spread its influence into what is now
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During this time, the bulk of western Tibet was unified under multiple governments in Lhasa and other nearby locations that were at times under Mongol and Chinese control. The eastern regions were divided among more tribal groups and had a more indigenous political structure.
This area usually fell into Chinese rule and was eventually incorporated into Chinese provinces such as Qinghai and Sichuan. Around 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution toppled the Qing dynasty, the collapse of the Qing dynasty meant disarmament of Qing soldiers and they were escorted out of the Tibetan area. The new Republic of China offered to restore the Dalai Lama's designation and apologized for Qing's actions. Refusing any Chinese title that was offered, the Dalai Lama declared himself independent ruler of Tibet. The region soon declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the Chinese Republican government and concluded a treaty with the Mongols on mutual recognition. With a fresh new independence, Tibet fought for control of lands that were still rampant with Chinese warlords in ethnically Tibetan areas such as Xikang and
Could you ever imagine living in China? You would probably walk out the door, look to your right and then you would see many people fighting with other people. Thanks to Genghis Khan and his crew (the Mongols), they helped unite all of China, with a lot of peace. According to the textbook it quotes that “Kublai Khan united China for the first time in more than three-hundred years.” Or by inferring the Pax Mongolica to all of China and other continents. As a result the Mongolian of the Asian Steppe had a positive impact on the world during their rule of the Asian continent. Around the years of 1260 and 1368, by influencing the Largest empire ever, Unity (Pax Mongolica) and the Silk Road.
During the 13th-14th century the Mongols conquered a vast amount of land through their advanced military strategies and ruthless spirit in battle, causing their empire to immensely expand. Two regions in which the Mongols conquered were China and Russia, while both territories were under Mongol control the regions were ruled differently. Thus, the influence of the political impact Mongol rule had on the Chinese was intensely more significant in contrast to the effect on the Russians, while on the contrary there economical effects for quite similar.
The mongols also divided empire into Khanates and started the rule of Yuan dynasty from 1279 to 1368. They developed “Pax Mongolia”(revitalization of Silk road) Marco Polo was an impact of the Mongols conquest. In addition to the impacts of the Mongols conquest, Cultural diffusion and adoption of various religions (Christianity, Buddhism, Islam) occurred. Not only that but there was preservation of distinction between Mongols and Chinese.
The Tibetans and the Navajo Native Americans are from different cultures. The Tibetan’s have lived intertwined with China for centuries. They tried to free themselves from China rules yet they failed. The 14th Dalai Lama fled China and found exile in India. China to this day has total control over Tibetan people. “Using all the tools of repression to deter and punish Tibetan resistance” as stated on Free Tibet. The people of Tibet are dedicated to the Dalai Lama. The monks and nuns play a vital part in the community, furthermore they are viewed as teachers and mentors. The Chinese did not want the Dalai Lama to have the followers that he had. If a person how any paraphernalia of the Dalai Lama could lead to their incarceration and or torture. The Chinese monitors and controls the religious aspects in Tibet. Consequently, the Chinese government found the devotion of the Tibetans to the Dalai Lama as a danger to their political goals. By way of contrast with the conflict with the Chinese government, the monks live a simple life. The Tibetan monks believes in the liberation of all being, personal enlightenment, compassion and nature around us.
“In 1949 35,00 Chinese troops invaded Tibet.”This was put into detail in an article by Hisyam Takiudin.The Chinese raped,tortured,and murdered one fifth of the Tibetan population,most in work camps and during arbitrary.As a result,47 million people in all have died during these tragic times. The brutality was so bad that the parents with children were forced to bury their children alive when they disobeyed.These crimes have lasted 49 years! Evidently,these crimes are still being committed! In Tibet today there is still no freedom of speech,religion, and arbitrary detainment still continues. As Tibetans are being slaughtered,we’re sitting here doing
During the Post-Classical Era, nomadic tribes banded together to create one of the largest land empires know to man. These nomads, or the Mongols, were able to conquer this land under the command of Genghis Khan, and eventually divided up the large empire into different sections called Khanates. Under these Khanates, China was a part of the Great Khanate, and was supervised by Kublai Khan. I argue that Mongol rule in the Yuan dynasty rejuvenated trading across the continent, Brought religious tolerance into Chinese society, and revamped Chinese politics and the role of women in China. First, Mongol rule rekindled trading activity in China.
In 1950, China sent 40,000 Chinese troops, ironically known as “the People’s Liberation Army”, to invade a relatively large and peaceful country named Tibet for their abundant resources. Due to this national crisis, the position of the 14th Dalai Lama was given to Tenzin Gyatso (“Birth to Exile”). Over the next few decades, China’s harassment of Tibet caused a myriad of problems, such as famines, the destruction of many sacred Buddhist monasteries and other cultural sites, etc. Thirty year after the initial Chinese invasion, the people of Tibet protested out of outrage that nothing has changed for thirty years, to which China responded with brutal force to stop the protesters. Due to the Dalai Lama’s
During the 13th and 14th century in Asia, the Mongols were responsible for the reunification of China, as well as the involuntary reconstruction of its government and social hierarchy.
Byzantine culture developed from Christianity and Roman characteristics in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire, Constantinople founded by Constantine in 324 was the center of the Byzantine Empire where the merge of Christianity and Roman characteristics flourished. Emperor Justinian was one of the greatest influences in combining Christianity and Roman traditions during his reign. Justinian had an unwavering Christian faith and a desire to reform the empire he also felt it was his duty as emperor to enforce uniform religious belief throughout the entire empire. Justinian goal was to create a Christian society he did this by combining Roman laws with military force. Justinian revamped the roman laws into Justinian’s codification of law’s that
The Republic of China never attained direct control over Tibet, and so there was a de facto independent Tibetan state. This unofficial and unrecognized country continued to exist for about forty years. During this time, Tibet was controlled by a very conservative people. Refusing to modernize and/or industrialize. When the communist revolution in China occurred, and the former government fled to Taiwan, they would have to face a new threat: the People’s Republic of China. The People’s Republic claimed that the Tibetan government was exploiting the citizens as serfs, and that they should be liberated from them by none other than the People’s Liberation Army. Although Tibet actually had a high resemblance to medieval European feudalism, the government never exploited the citizens per se. When the PLA was at their doorstep, they were nowhere near prepared and were conquered by the Chinese. They were eventually officially annexed into China, and the 14th Dalai Lama was exiled to India. Under the PRC, the Tibetans endured many hardships that were brought upon them. The so-called Great Leap Forward led to widespread starvation, and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution led the Red Army to destroy thousands of cultural artifacts and sites,
Prior to the rise of the Mongol empire and their invasion of Russia, was a time of violence. Mongolia separated by tribes and provinces was a non-unified empire with little impact to Central Asia. Being separated, feuds between provinces of power and money were the reason why Mongolia remained separated. The provinces after a long a grueling process eventually became united by a
The United States of America, a country created by immigrants, is currently facing what some consider to be an immigration crisis. As of 2012, there is over eleven million undocumented illegal aliens living inside the United States. Both the American public and the lawmakers elected to represent us are divided on the issue. Some people view the influx of immigrants crossing over the border from Mexico to America as a good thing while others view it as a disaster waiting to happen. Regardless of ones view on immigrants coming over, most people are in agreement with the idea that we must change the way we are currently dealing with illegal aliens.
Everyone wants designer labels. They have the finest fabrics and the most exquisite tailoring. It may sometimes seem that top of the line labels are out of reach, save for a very few. But it is not so. Every day like new or even unworn designer items are set out to be snapped up by a savvy shopper. This is just one perk of shopping at a consignment shop.
A) The rise of the Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was a major turning point in world history. Although the Mongol conquest of China took approximately 79 years, the world was dramatically altered after the Mongols took control of China. Before the Mongol conquest, China worked earnestly as they expanded their land however they constantly faced the problem of how to control newly-conquered lands and peoples. Due to the Chinese expansion without a set government, China was constantly in a warring state as the Chinese tried to control their newly-conquered land while keeping control in the mainland and kingdom. These struggles are the reason why China was not always completely united under the Song dynasty. The Mongol conquest of China was
All of these clans were nomadic and regularly fought against each other. Around 1125 A.D the Chinese empire which had historically influenced decisions in Mongolic regions was weakened because of internal problems in their own kingdom, this led to a Khamag Mongol (a tribal confederation). The tribal confederation unified Mongol’s in their traditions and customs, and yet allowed the tribes to maintain autonomy over their regions. During this time influence was gained by either marrying into another tribe or outright defeating them in battle. The weakened Chinese state kept its borders safe through encouraging infighting between the tribes. The Chinese would support one tribe but as soon as they saw it becoming too powerful they would switch allegiance to another. This infighting continued until Khabul Khan (Genghis Khan’s Great-Grandfather) united the confederation to raise an army, and attacked the Chinese empire. This unity did not last long when Khabul Khan died, there was a power vacuum and soon the tribes resumed fighting each other.