Timber Hill Research Paper

The three faults being considered are thought to have influenced the character of some 120,000 square miles. The Big Pine, Garlock, and San Andreas faults are all mutually active, deep, long, and steep and noted as being conjugate shears. In concert, the faults have defined a primary strain pattern of relative east-west extension and north-south shortening of the area of 120,000 square miles. The large region is noted for its deformity, with the source of this being a northeast-southwest counterclockwise compressive couple. The compressive couple was potentially supported through drag as a result of the deep-seated movement of rock material from the Pacific region (Hill & Dibblee, 1953). The interaction of the faults in the San Andreas region since the Jurassic period have served to shape and contour the present geology of the land, while a study of the paleontology of the region likewise requires such knowledge to effectively determine conditions at any given point in time.

The Lynne deposit lies within the early Proterozoic Penokean fold belt of the southern province of the Precambrian Shield. The fold belt is divided into two major terranes in Wisconsin (Sims 1989). The first is the northern Penokean terrane, which contains major oxide facies iron formations and granitic intrusions (DeMatties 1989). The second major terrane, separated from the Penokean terrane by the Niagara fault zone, is the Wisconsin magmatic terrane, characterized by a volcanic island arc-basin assemblage (Sims 1989). This southern terrane lacks major oxide facies iron formations, but contains abundant tonalite-granite intrusions (DeMatties 1989). The Wisconsin magmatic terrane is further subdivided into the northern Pembine-Wausau terrane and the southern Marshfield terrane, which are separated by the Eau Pleine shear zone, a north-dipping subduction zone (Sims 1989).

• This earthquake may not have released all of the strain stored in its rocks next to the fault this reveals a potential earthquake in the Santa Cruz Mountains in the near future. The occurrence of the earthquake showed that the Earth did not exhaust all its strain and hence other earthquakes could be expected. However, the dates could not be predicted. The extent of the damage could have been much more devastating for the region, but with the earthquake occurring near the coast this made half of the felt area westward in the Pacific Ocean. The occurrence of aftershocks ten days later reinforces the unpredictability nature and hence makes Geology to be a study that is always evolving. In conclusion, the Earth and the study of cannot be exhausted as every natural occurrence provides a new puzzle to be solved.

The first deformation event (D1) resulted in folding of volcanic rocks in the Wabigoon and Wawa subprovinces (Hooper and Ojakangas, 1971; Hudleston, 1976; Hudleston et al., 1987; Jirsa et al., 1992) and locally within the Quetico subprovince (Bauer, 1985b). Most D1 folds in the Wawa terrane in MN rarely display axial-planar cleavage, with Bauer (1985b), Hooper and Ojakangas (1971), Hudleston (1976), and Jirsa et al. (1992) having identified cleavage (S1) development locally in the Vermillion greenstone belt (Peterson, 2001). In the Wabigoon terrane, D1 resulted in recumbent folding that overturned the stratigraphic sequence and the first regional schistosity (Poulsen et al., 1980). S1 is generally subparallel to the layering in the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, and a gneissic foliation attributed to D1 is well developed in gneissic domes (Czeck and Poulsen, 2010). Although D1 likely created significant thrust or oblique faulting, direct evidence

In the eastern part of the plateau most of the carbonate strata is Fredericksburg and Washita rock (Barker and Ardis 1996, 5). The plateau is dominated by a flat undistinguished plain, with the exception of the caprock mesas, the broad alluvial fans and the Balcones fault zone (Barker and Ardis 1996, 5). During the Paleozoic era the Ouachita Orogeny tectonic event occurred depositing marine sea deposits of upper Permian sediments and evaporates into the Permian basin, which is above parts of the Edwards-Trinity plateau aquifer (Anaya 2001, 107). Another prominent structural feature is the Llano uplift which is comprised of Precambrian rock mostly granite, located in the northern Hill Country area (Anaya 2001, 107). The Balcones fault zone was created from tensional stress from the uplift and deposition of sediments into the Gulf of Mexico, along the Ouachita belt, forming the faults by displacing the sediment 900 to 1200 feet (Anaya 2001, 109). The Edwards-Trinity plateau has two regional confining layers, Navarro-Del Rio, which confines the Edwards aquifer, and the Hammett that confines the Trinity and the Edward-Trinity aquifers (Barker and Ardis 1996, 2). The Navarro-Del Rio confining unit is regionally continuous within the Balcones Fault Zone; it is comprised of Buda limestone, Navarro Group,

Cedar Breaks started to form when the plates of the earth started to change. A plate called the Pacific plate plunged under the lighter continent. Ginormous sections of the earth’s crust headed eastward along a low angle called “thrust faults”. This time of faulting known as the sevier orogeny, formed a chain of mountains to the west of what is now Cedar Breaks National Monument.

Our third stop was along the interstate, right between two formations of Washita Valley. The formation on the north of us was represented by Pennsylvanian Collings Ranch Conglomerate (around 350 million years old), which is shown with blue color on the map and the formation on the south of us was represented by Ordovician Kindblade Limestone (around 450mil years old), shown by the pink color on the map. There is a huge time gap between these two formations. The Collings Ranch Conglomerate is outstandingly exposed along Interstate 35 near the top of Arbuckle Mountains. It was formed during late Pennsylvanian and is slightly younger than Devil’s Kitchen Conglomerate. Large size of grains, conglomerate boulders and cobbles, indicate high energy

The Kaibab Limestone is found at top elevations. Limestone is usually found on sea floors, so this to me could mean a transgression.Youngest rock layers are usally laid last and the oldest layers are laid first. This is what they call the principle of superpositioning. Because the layers of rocks are horizontal this follows the principle of original horizontality. Some of the layers on the Colorado plateau are tilted. The tilting of the rock layers created a plateau for the creation of the Colorado river. There is thought to have been some sort of geologic event happen here such as a fault. A fault happens when tectonic plates move as a transform, divergent, convergent boundaries, and either cause a strike slip, normal or reverse fault. Often when this happens there will be brittle deformation of the rocks but because there was no significant alteration of the rocks, questions still arise as to how it actually

Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains and the Earth’s crust are unique yet have one common denominator; the amazing topic of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics has a place or specifically places a role in each of these natural wonders of the world. In the following, Team C will discuss the theory of plate tectonics and how the theory shaped the form and composition of the movement within the Midwest region of the United States. A discussion of various geological events and the types of rocks that formed because of these events will also be covered including the importance of the economic value of these rocks to the Midwest region

The extent to which tectonic processes represent a hazard depends upon when and where they are experienced (40)

When thinking about volcanic outcrops, one generally thinks of islands and plate boundaries such as the northwestern coast of the United States, Hawaii, or New Zealand. However, 1.4 billion years ago, super volcanoes characterized the Midwestern United States. Today, the Midwest is known for its’ rather simple “layer cake geology.” The Midwest is a part of the North American Craton, meaning that it has remained relatively stable for the past 600 million years. Thus, a volcanic field is definitely not the first thought to pop into someone’s mind when thinking about this region. However, the Midwest is home to the St. Francois Mountains, which is a topic that is under represented in the geologic curriculum. The St. Francois Mountains are located

Ronald describes the mountains as a shallow composite batholith located in southeastern Missouri (1980). This batholith, or large igneous intrusion, is tilted to the southwest and beveled by erosion. The complex is about one and a half billion years old and mostly comprised of silicic intrusive units and rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks.

The Wells Creek structure was formed by a meteorite impact in Cumberland, Tennessee (36°〖23〗^ ' N,87°40 'W) which is the northern part of Middle Tennessee. This region is known as the highland rim. The younger and older strata is exposed in two areas in the highland rim which means the older sediment has been eroded and much of the younger sediment remains. The impact produced a variety of structural features. The circular central block contains a circular core of megabreccia about 1520 meters (Ford, 2012). The impacted breccia is monomitic breccia, which is the result of rock deformation from the impact event. The breccia from Wells Creek is homogenous breccia that has been under intense movement and very high confining pressures. The angular Horst is an upthrown block between the two fault blocks and the inner Graben is a downthrown block near the central block (Ford, 2012). The larger impact structure is an anticline which is boarded by a second ring Syncline of the wells creek basin structure (Ford, 2012). The shock wave releases are large amounts of energy from the central point of impact moving outward forming ring anticlines and synclines. The impacted breccia matrix consists of angular fragmented chert, limestone, and dolomite. The wells creek

The Long Point Fault is located in Harris County, which covers 83,450 square miles located with in Houston, Teaxas City Limits. Research specifies that there are three sections of the Long Point fault that appear to be active; some sections of the Long Point fault have averaged more than 2 cm per year of vertical offset over the last 20 years. Evidence of the faults concludes it is a natural fault. The reason for activity is not caused by man, even though man’s activities are not helping the issues, but clearly humans are not the initial cause, biological activity can be in fact an adiitional cause for its movement. A brief description of the type of fault and its relationship with the strata and the faults

Scientist are struggling to come up with a widely accepted model that will explain the role of non-vertical strike-slip fault segments, crustal movement and deformation within Pacific –North American plate boundary. Multiple methods of analysis are being used; some of which are described below.