Time Budget
Advanced Auditing
April 14, 2011
It is not only important for auditors to keep accurate and precise working papers for an audit, it is also important for auditors to keep accurate and precise records of their time spent on the tasks associated with an audit. “When accountants complete work without recording it as chargeable time, potential revenue can be lost and erroneous planning and poor personnel decisions can result.” (Lightner, et. al., 1983) Hamilton Wong is one of six accountants assigned to the audit of Wille and Lomax, Inc., a public company which sells general type merchandise, such as briefcases, leather goods, luggage and travel accessories, and gift items, such as costume jewelry imported from
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After reviewing the time he has reported on his audit assignments, Hamilton Wong estimates that he will be over budget on two of his accounts by 20 to 25 percent. The pressure for accountants to underreport their time is a concern for many auditing firms. By portraying unrealistic expectations, auditors feel obligated to work long hours which causes low morale, burnout, and employee turnover. There are a number of ways management can work to discourage accountants from underreporting time. One way is by “Preventing removal of workpapers from the fieldwork site and preventing unsupervised after-hours work at the client’s or firm’s office . . .” (Lightner, et. al., 1983) Another way is to counsel supervisors “on the importance of ensuring that staff report all chargeable time and [supervisors] should be taught how to spot and how to prevent underreporting.” (Lightner, et. al., 1983) In addition, the audit firm can “provide its staff with an alternative to underreporting, such as encouraging them to report problems that arise in meeting the budget.” (Lightner, et.al., 1983) “Staff should be informed of the purpose, use and importance of time budgets in firm management and of the firm’s desire to reconsider budgets that aren’t appropriate for an engagement or that are improperly prepared.” (Lightner, et. al., 1983) Another suggestion is to “avoid time budgets at the staff accountant level. When budgets
Brent should talk to John about his issues. John may not have been aware that payables are a low-risk area and he could change the amount tested from thirty to twenty causing a decrease in man-hours. But John is the only one with the authority to make this decision. If John is unwilling to help Brent with his issues and concerns, Brent could discuss this with the manager above John, but should not test less or “eat time”. If I was in this situation I would discuss it with John because I would know that it is not in my power to make those kinds of decisions, and making those unethical decisions would have more adverse effects for the company on the audit this year and years to come that if he finished the audit over hours.
Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., & Kieso, D. E. (2009). Accounting: Tools for business decision
II. Main Point #2. Contrary to popular belief, Accountants, and the tasks that they perform, are an important part of most people’s everyday life.
Accounting is the study of how businesses track their income and assets over time. Accountants engage in a wide variety of activities besides preparing financial statements and recording business transactions. These activities include computing costs and efficiency gains from new technologies, participating in strategies for mergers and acquisitions, quality management, developing and using information systems to track financial
Accountants are relied upon to be trustworthy and maintain high ethical standards. It is because of the nature of the profession that puts them in a position of trust with people who rely on their professional judgment and guidance in making decisions. These decisions are extremely important in accounting and more so that companies that have high ethical standard or main good ethical culture spend enormous time to train the staffs about the conduct that is expected of them.
Accountants should always carry out the public responsibility, meaning they have a responsibility to ensure that the accounting functions are performed to the highest possible standards and the information which an organisation provides for its stakeholders is true and accurate. To reach the goal of improving the performance of accountants, there might be several steps to undertake. There should be on-going education to keep abreast with the existing and emerging
Place yourself in Hamilton Wong’s position. Would you report all of your time worked on the Wille & Lomax audit? Why or why not? Do you believe that Lauren Hutchinson behaved unethically by underreporting the time she worked on that engagement? Defend your answer.
Some of the key objectives of tracking hours worked by individual accounts on audit engagement is for performance
Accounting managers and staff can overcome the pressure put on them by executives, by remembering their ethical and legal duties expressed by various accounting ethical standards , regulations and laws.
When determining and defending the use of a particular ethical system within the confines of a profession, it is important to evaluate the system in terms of the professional culture as well as the expected professional conduct laid out within the vocation itself. The accounting profession has been evolving for thousands of years. Early accounting records date business transactions back as far as third century B.C. (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2009). Early record keeping was for internal purposes and as societies and economies expanded, it became important to maintain records for external purposes as well. According to Schroeder, Clark & Cathey (2009), by the ninetheeth centruy, bookkeeing expanded into accounting (p. 3). From this time, it has been the duty of the accountant to serve the public interest and the profession has been culitvated into an organizational culture with professional norms and standards constantly taking shape in an effort to complete an all-inclusive conceptual framework.
Integrity – Accountants should always ensure that they are honest and straightforward in their activities with every instance that they have clients. They should always maintain the lines of duty and maintain business relationships during all official duties (Nobes, 2015).
Budget is time-consuming, especially if it involves a poorly managed company. The budget only pays attention to the quantitative aspect of business while neglecting the qualitative aspects. It does not consider the quality of services or goods and therefore inconsiderate of customers’ satisfaction. Another disadvantage of a budget is that it is inaccurate. A firm rarely “makes budget.” The hope is that the business activity will be close to the budget, but it could be off considerably and lead to bad hiring, spending and production decisions. This is because budget preparation is based on assumptions and thereby changes in the business environment could lead to unachievable
What draws me into the field of accountancy? Why do I want to launch a career as a certified public accountant (CPA)? What is there about numbers, spreadsheets, profit and loss statements, audits, inventory and fiduciary responsibility that appeal me? In this paper I will describe in detail the reasons why I am attracted to this field. Also, what are the duties and responsibilities of a CPA? How available are job openings for a person with the education and experience to work as a CPA? How well to companies compensate those hired as CPAs? These questions and issues will be thoroughly reviewed in this paper.
An important function of the accounting field is to provide external users of financial statements with assurance that the financial information being presented is both reliable and accurate. This basic function of accounting is so important that there is an entire field of experts, called auditors, dedicated to assuring its proper performance. Throughout history there have been many instances in which the basic equilibrium between an institution and current/potential investor has been threatened due to a lack of accountability and trust between the two parties. This issue has been the catalyst for many discussions regarding the proper procedures a firm should follow in order to provide
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