Time Value of Money and Bond Valuation

9. Why is the $1,000 you receive today worth more than $1,000 you receive next year? What concept does this illustrate? Why is this concept particularly important when firms evaluate capital budgeting proposals?

Thibodeaux, W. (2017, April 19). Advantages & Disadvantages to Issuing Bonds in Order to Raise Capital. Retrieved from Pocket Sense: https://pocketsense.com/advantages-disadvantages-issuing-bonds-order-raise-capital-3899.html

they must pay interest payments or risk bankrupting of the firm. It also helps reduce

1. Briefly explain why many corporations prefer to issue callable long-term corporate bonds rather than noncallable long-term bonds.

Yes, irrespective of the cons, sinking fund is money/ negotiable securities put away separately intended for redeeming debt. Bonds subsidized (backed) by sinking fund(s) are less probable of defaulting on principal of interest payments and repayment, generating safer investments and more attractive towards risk-averse investor(s). Firms often employ sinking funds when it desires to retire bond issue in installments or

WorldCom has the option to extend its bank loan credit facility or to issue this large $6 billion in debt. It plans to use the rolling commercial paper program to pay British Telecommunications for MCI’s share purchases, and then use bond proceeds to pay off the commercial paper program. This signals that WorldCom does not need the money immediately for a single corporate purpose, and does not need the money immediately. Therefore, perhaps it makes sense for WorldCom to issue the bonds in smaller installments rather than flooding the market with $6 billion in debt all at once. The first reason for this is that, if an underwriter must first purchase the bonds before selling to investors, an underwriter may demand greater spread in order to justify taking down an entire $6 billion in debt using the bank’s capital assets. The second

A sinking fund reduces coupon rate because it provides a kind of future guarantee to bondholders. The company must make payments into the sinking fund or default so it must

The Super Project presented General Foods management with the possibility to introduce a new dessert product, named Super, into the market. The dilemma management faced was how to appropriately measure and allocate costs associated with the project, as well as, whether to accept or reject the project based on costs and future cash flows generated by Super. With regard to The Super Project or any capital budgeting decision, time value of money concepts are central to financial

It provides an evaluation of the bond issuer’s financial strength and ability to pay back the bond’s principle and interest. The bond rating also provides investors with some sense of security when investing in a particular firm. A higher bond rating implies a lower likelihood for the firm to default. Investors would feel more secured investing in such a bond, thus demanding a relatively lower rate of return. As such, high rated bonds enable the issuer to enjoy a lower cost of borrowing. A lower bond rating, on the other hand, serves as a negative signal to investors on the firm’s ability to repay debt obligations.

•Yan, A., Nandy, D., and Chemmanur, T. "Why issue mandatory convertibles? Theory and empirical evidence, February (2003) Retrieved on 18.3.2008 (http://ideas.repec.org/p/ecm/nawm04/456.html)•http://www.investorwords.com/5362/yield.html. 18/3/2008.

Though bonds provide such safety, their yields are very low and have little potential for capital appreciation in the long-run for both the issuer and receiver. Besides, the low interest-rate of bonds makes the return on holding cash virtually non-existent (Voya & Scotia, 2009). Convertible bonds, however, offer a middle ground between the safety of bonds and the upside potential, and risk, of stocks. For this firm seeking income, higher-yielding convertibles bonds are the right options they can explore. This allows for the downside protection of a

TVM also takes into account risk aversion - both default risk and inflation risk. 100 monetary units today is a sure thing and can be enjoyed now. In 5 years that money could be worthless or not returned to the investor. There is a residual time value of money, beyond compensation for default and inflation risk, that represents simply the preference for money now versus later. Inflation-indexed bonds notably carry no inflation risk. In the United States

A bond is debt to whoever sells the bond to an inventor. If you buy an IBM bond, you are loaning money ($1000) to IBM instead of a bank loaning money to them. Just like a bank, you are going to charge IBM interest on your money, as well as a return of principle when the loan is due (ten years later). The company does not go to the bank to borrow the money, because the bank will rate the company as a high risk company. Hence, banks are really tight with their money. High yields bond investment relies on an credit analysis in that it concentrates on issuer fundamentals, and a "bottom-up" process. It focuses more on "downside risk default and the unique characteristics of the issuer. In a portfolio of high yield bonds,

First we need to get the present value of the annuity for the 1,500 semiannual PMTs at year 14

So By looking at Coupon Rate & YTM, one can predict of Bond is traded at Par, Discount or Premium