Title IX’s Lasting Effects

The literature review of this article focuses on Title IX itself, as well as statistical numbers that provide the reader knowledge about the impact it has had. Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that has removed many barriers that once prevented people, on the basis of sex, from participating in educational opportunities and careers of their choice (Bower & Hums, 2013). Acosta and Carpenter (2012) reported that the number of female athletes playing college sports has risen from 16,000 in 1968 to over 200,000 in 2012. Although the increased number of opportunities has provided women the chance to participate in the sport, the percentage of women coaching women’s teams has decline over time from 90% in 1972 to 42.9% in 2012 (Acosta & Carpenter, 2012). Alongside coaching is the lack of women working in intercollegiate administration. In 1972, the percentage of female athletic directors overseeing women’s programs was 90%, Today, the percentage of female athletic directors is 20.3%, a small increase from 2010

Title IX is most often heard of when talking about sports but it actually covers a multitude of areas in daily life. Without gender equality in the world,, one sex would rule the world and the other would be left with nothing. Title IX has introduced gender equality in many areas of our daily lives and without it America would not be the country it is today. Title IX has changed the way that the American society views gender equality in exploitation (such as sexual harassment), athletics, education, and careers.

Only forty percent of women know what Title IX means or enforces, according to a survey given to twenty women of the Veteran Affairs clinic of Danville, Illinois (Women of the VA). This survey shows that even though Title IX has been a successfully enforced law, not everyone has heard about it or understands how it has impacted their lives and futures. Therefore, people have to ask, “What exactly is Title IX?” Amanda Ross Edwards writes, “ Title IX states: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance” (Edwards). This demonstrates how Title IX is a very important part of history, and has helped create and enforce equality among everyone, in all situations. Throughout history, the application of Title IX has helped improve the perception of women in many areas and has enabled women to be successful in their daily lives.

Title IX of the Educational Amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act was signed into law in 1972. It bans any educational institution that receives federal funds from discriminating on the basis of sex, and applies to all academic and extra-curricular programs. Title IX has been praised as the chief factor behind the advances made in gender equity in education over the past three decades. In addition, the significant advances of women in higher education and in the workplace since the 1970s have been attributed by some to Title IX. Despite all this, Title IX is most well known for the impact it has had on intercollegiate athletics. The scale of women's collegiate athletic programs has increased exponentially during the past four decades,

As part of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title lX states that, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” This act has been one the most controversial and most scrutinized amendments to be passed in years and it has never been re-evaluated. It has done a lot during its years by increasing womens sports at all levels and even decreasing mens sports at mainly the collegiate level. In this paper I will discuss the ways that it has a positive and negative effects as well as how it should be re-evaluated and how social levels and demographics effect

Over two decades have passed since the enactment of Title IX, a federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded education, including athletics. As a result of Title IX, women and girls have benefited from more athletic participation opportunities and more equitable facilities. Because of Title IX, more women have received athletic scholarships and thus opportunities for higher education that some may not have been able to afford otherwise. In addition, because of Title IX the salaries of coaches for women's teams have increased. Despite the obstacles women face in athletics, many women have led and are leading the way to gender equity.

If it wasn’t for the passing of the Title IX Legislation, many women wouldn’t have the same opportunities as they have today. Males would usually play in sports, such as football, soccer, baseball etc. Now the participation of females have increased, and women are now given the opportunity to play sports in college. Times have definitely changed now because of the Title IX. If it wasn’t passed in 1972, there would be chaos. Mainly because the love for sports does not only imply toward men, but women too! Both of these quotes demonstrate the amount of women participating in sports and are entering college is highly increasing. Not only did the Title IX increase the opportunities that women had, but it also made women regain their confidence. The evidence that I used within my investigation is valuable because it highlights key point information and provides the reader with insight on the amount of women playing sports today. However, this evidence does have its limitations. The quote does provide the percentage of women that are athletes in college, but it also does not acknowledge the percentage of males, which of course is still dramatically higher than the women’s percentage. However, the quote should acknowledge the amount of men who play sports in college as well. Reason being is practically because men should be acknowledged just as much as

Title IX is a controversial law that has raised many conflicts with colleges and other federal funded establishments. Title IX has had a long controversial history throughout America and has been the focal point of many court cases. Among these court cases women have believed that this law has only affected women’s athletics in a positive way and has not affected men’s athletics in a negative way at all. Although Title IX has affected women’s athletics in a positive way it has, at the same time, negatively impacted men’s athletics among universities’ and other federal funded establishments. Taking into consideration the effects that the law has had I can conclude that this law has negatively impacted men’s athletics and I will prove it within this paper by providing statistics and examples of its negative impacts throughout its history in America.

In the early 20th Century, women lacked much needed opportunities to participate in college athletics; however, with the coming of a new law called “Title IX”, these opportunities would soon become a reality. Title IX is a law that granted women equal rights to those of men, specifically within college athletics. Prior to Title IX, women were denied entry into specific universities for no other reason than the fact that they were women. When more and more women began to speak out and bring attention to the situation, it became a huge topic that needed a solution quick. Around the nation, Civil Rights Movements and Women’s Rights Movements began to dominate streets everywhere.

Betsy DeVos has brought back to our attention Title IX enforcement, wanting to take away the protection and equality that it currently gives to college students under the Obama administration’s interpretation of the law. Since 1972, Title IX has implemented equality for all students in federally funded schools which includes education and athletics. This majorly increased opportunities for women athletes such as before the law was passed, there were only “32,000 women participating in intercollegiate athletics” (Paule-Koba,115) and by “2004, that number had increased to a record 202,540 women” (Paule-Koba, 115). Since 2011, the Obama administration put forward an additional interpretation adding that the word equality in Title IX had to

Part I: Before we begin to discuss the marketing effects of Title IX, it is important to discuss what Title IX is. According to the Columbia Dictionary, Title IX is a “clause in the Educational Amendments of 1972 that reads: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation.” (Title IX, 2016, p. 1). Title IX has had several effects on college and high school sports, and the way that sports can be marketed to women. Gone is the time in which women’s sports were looked at as an afterthought, now it is replaced with equal representation between men’s and women’s sports at the college and high school levels. Since Title IX was signed into law by former President Nixon, women’s sports at the college and high

Title IX was never thought of as having anything to do with sports, but over time that changed as more female athletes emerged. Billie Jean King understood how women and sports were fundamental in the way society viewed equality, “she grasped something that second wave-feminism often missed-that sports are politics and thus an integral part of the struggle for women’s liberation.” (133) For women to be seen as equal to men, then women had to not only do what the men were doing but do it better. Women who played sports had never been taken seriously until the 70’s, and athletes like Billie Jean King sought to change the way American’s categorized females as weak, non-competitive, sweet housewives and

Research Question: How did the implementation of the TitleIX law impact today’s culture and sports in relation to gender?

The Title IX is the passage of a amendment to the Education Act that was established in 1972 to abolish sex discrimination in public schools and has since been taken to mandate that women’s sports be funded equally with men’s, excluding football which is expensive for schools to fund, which no women was able to play( Kimmel 232). It impacted society because it opened the doors for women to participate in sports, and benefited female athletes to get into certain colleges with free tuition (Kimmel 232). Female athletes are less likely those non athletes to have unwanted pregnancies and less likely to take drugs, or drink alcohol to excess; they have a positive outlook on life (Kimmel 232). The nature of the backlash was how that the enforcement of Title IX programs had rendered males the “ second sex” of college sport, the new victims

Throughout the beginnings of the United States of America, there have been conflicts that have originated in discrimination and separation amongst the citizens. The issues have ranged from problems with racism and separation of blacks to unequal opportunities and rights for women. The majority of the issues have been solved or lessened to some extent. Women began to fight for equal opportunities long ago eventually earning the right to vote with the 19th amendment along with several other rights and opportunities. The 19th amendment said that no one would be denied the right to vote of the basis of sex or race. However, one separation remained up until the passing of Title IX, the inequality in sports between men and women. Title IX started the process of equalizing sports as it stated “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance” (Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972). This proposition led to the eventually addition of several women’s sports teams at the high school and collegiate levels. These additions led to equal opportunities for women everywhere in the sports world, thus qualifying Title IX as a positive piece of legislation. Due to the need for equality between men and women in sports, Title IX should be enforced both in high school and college athletics in order to