To What Extent is American Capitalism Representative of European Medieval Feudalism? American capitalism is the foundation by which economic growth has propelled the U.S. economy to be a powerhouse. A system based on free enterprise and the “ sweat of our brows”, it establishes the notion that it is a progressive step in equality and is detached from past economic systems. If one were to look closer, however, it becomes apparent that capitalism is not much of a far cry from feudalism in medieval europe. The lack of social mobility fueled by income inequality is what drives this idea to the foreground since such a practice was seen in many european nations in the medieval ages. This paper seeks to argue that contemporary American …show more content…
Land was the primary means of production and the surplus was expropriated from producers under extra-economic coercion. This is the more traditional type of feudalism that most people have come to know. The second age in European feudalism lasted from the 12th century to the 15th century and was marked by a centralized power (Dumolyn). The aristocracy had now consolidated power and became feudal monarchies due to economic growth with new industries such as textiles in Flanders and commerce becoming interconnected with more trade between regions happening as production increased. In order to put this into perspective, analyzing a feudalistic society such as Flanders, is in order. During the first age of feudalism, state power was fragmented, divided between different lords who ruled and exploited their serfs and peasants (Dumolyn). However, after the 1200s, Flanders saw an increase in mortality rates within the labor class which led to a decrease in the amount of revenue the nobility received from feudal rents leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of the noble class. Landowning classes were no longer able to increase their income which led to nobles seeking to gain fortune in princely service (Dumolyn). Counts from the Alsatian dynasty began to consolidate power by raising state taxes.This led to a more centralized administrative network, a growing money economy, and a generalized commodity circulation
Capitalism can be defined as “when monetary wealth was enabled to buy labor power” (Wolf et al. 77). By the time that “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” was written, Capitalism was the dominant mode of production, and capitalist markets were spreading rapidly. This became especially true in the United States of America, which was heavily influenced by the British in matters of economy. Since capitalism was born in England, the influence of capitalism bled over into America while they were still under British rule (Wolf et al. 2670). However, by 1820, the year that “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” was published, the United States fully adopted the capitalist mode of production, along with the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution. This embrace of the new economic system changed the ways of life for people in both New England and New York, along with the entirety of the country.
An American writer, Susan Sontag, stated that capitalism is, “the ideology [which] makes us all into connoisseurs of liberty—of the indefinite expansion of possibility”. From 1850 to 1907, there was a mass immigration to America and the rise of ‘Gilded Age’ which the United States population and economy grew quickly. Capitalism is a social and economic system where both the means of production and any associate trades are privately owned. During 1850 to 1907, there were a number of factors which contributed to the rise of Capitalism such as: significant entrepreneurial figures such as Henry Ford; mass immigration and cheap labour; and Railway and telegraph lines expansion to transport goods to be sold.
The feudal system began to decline after the Black Death struck Europe in the late 1340’s. The feudal system joined politics and grouped together the social classes of that period. It began with the “relationship between two freemen (men who are not serfs), a lord and his vassal. Vassal derived from a Celtic word for servant, but in feudal terms vassal meant a free person who put himself under the protection of a lord and for whom he rendered loyal military aid.” This relationship was mutually beneficial at first, but throughout the development of the system, great restrictions were endured.
During the middle ages the lack of protection and a stable government after the Fall of Rome created the need for a new political system. Feudalism was the political system that emerged and shaped the lives of people socially and politically. Manors were small communities that were made up of a castle, church, village, and land for farming. The structured society provided a place and responsibility for everyone. The feudal obligations showed that in exchange for one thing they would be provided with something else. Serfs and peasants would work and produce goods for the rest of the manor and in return had their land and promised protection. The vassals would need to obtain land from the Lord and in return would provide the Lord with military service, loyalty, and ransom if asked for (Doc. 4). To make clear the vassal’s specific allegiance to their lord whom they owed in for exchange for their fief they would take the Homage Oath (Doc. 2). This interdependent system required everyone to do their part and it created social classes that they were born into. Their daily lives were centered on the manor and that was how it stayed until towns began to
During the medieval times Kings had absolute power and the Catholic Church made sure God help the King retain this power. During this time feudalism was the structure that shaped society. In the feudalism structure the people that work the land the poor got cero power and live at the mercy of the barons. Barons where the owners of the land that people where let to work and make really low amounts of money while the baron sells and exchange the goods produced by the land and makes a fortune. At the end of the day the land belongs to the king and the king taxes the barons and collects money from all the land making him very, very wealthy and powerful.
Accurately established by many historians, the capitalists who shaped post-Civil War industrial America were regarded as corrupt “robber barons”. In a society in which there was a severe imbalance in the dynamics of the economy, these selfish individuals viewed this as an opportunity to advance in their financial status. Thus, they acquired fortunes for themselves while purposely overseeing the struggles of the people around them. Presented in Document A, “as liveried carriage appear; so do barefooted children”, proved to be a true description of life during the 19th century. In hopes of rebuilding America, the capitalists’ hunger for wealth only widened the gap between the rich and poor.
The population losses among the previously overpopulated peasant class, who at this time were underemployed due to this overpopulation, were able to haggle for higher wages and better terms when it came to working, renting, and owning land. At the same time, the sudden loss in population meant the nobles could not demand high prices for product which weakened their power of wealth. This coupled with the higher earning wages of the peasant class meant they could move up in the social order to become farmers themselves or merchants of equal social standing. This period of social mobility didn’t last long, but it allowed for the end of feudalism as it was known during the Middle Ages. The end of feudalism meant the end of kings and nobles being able to give land in return for anything they could ever need including food and protection from knights. While it was still an important part of social class, land was no longer in the very center controlling every decision. In the years before the Black Death, it was the peasants who gave food and work to the knights. The knights then gave protection to nobles which gave money and the knights’ protection to the kings. In return, the king passed down land throughout the social classes. Although, the lower classes had the opportunity to accumulate land for the services they provided, in the end
Western Europe suffered numerous hardships through the ninth and tenth centuries and this was the ultimate reason they established a new political organization which was known as feudalism. By providing honor, protection, and a sense of control, this new social system revived peace and order in Western Europe after the fall of the Carolingian Empire. Feudalism was a necessary ingredient to yield stability in during these times of calamity.
Feudalism, as a decentralized political system, flourished in Medieval Europe. In this essay, the main political and economic characteristics of Feudalism will be mentioned, while discussing the main historical factors to the rise and fall of feudalism.
This paper will question the relationship between Slavery and Capitalism, and the extent to how dependent Capitalism was on slavery. Chattel slavery first arrived to America in 1619 and from there the business just kept on growing. It leads to the invention of the cotton gin and helped push forward the young country into the developed powerful nation it is now. This can be gained from the readings from Bailyn, Beverly, the Declaration of Independence, and other works that show not only how profitable slavery was, but also how important it was to the development of America as a country.
We may never know when the first people step foot on the United States. In North America the first human life and can be divided into three significant periods: The Paleo- Indian era, the Archaic period and the pre-Columbian era. The belief for a long time is that the first people to arrive in the new world did not come fame, fortune or even freedom. They came because they were hungry. The Paleo-Indians developed many languages, have many belief systems and made spears from stone and set up kill zones to hunt large heard of animals. Some of the others began to sustain the agriculture. In the Archaic era, there was a change in how the people lived because agriculture became the way of life for the Native Americans. The began to cultivate corn
As citizens of the United States, we are members of the leading capitalist economy in the world. Our production and distribution is mostly done privately and we operate in a “profit” or “market” system. The capitalist system has been a target for criticism throughout the last three hundred years and is being discussed now more than ever due to the recent recession and financial crisis (Shaw and Barry n.d., 1). Its effects,
The economy mostly seen in the early middle ages was feudalism, Europe’s form of government
According to them, several individuals in the English system held interests on the same piece of land. Both the government and society were dominated by large landholders. Feudalism sets in in this scenario, wherein small number of people that has tight connections to the king such as those landowners and political counselors who controlled roughly 20% of land. It was during these years that commercial and monetized economy steadily developed. New forms of business organizations were developed specifically the business corporations.