Tobacco Demand In Australia

Tobacco has existed for long as we have known about history, but due to the negative effects of it to the broader community Tobacco has sparked greater controversy across the globe. Many people argue that it is the government’s responsibility to protect the individual but on the contrary some disagree and believe it’s up to the individual. This essay will elaborate above mentioned aspects and lead to a logical conclusion.

Many drugs are used, misused, and abused in American society today. Some of these carry stigma in the general population, forcing users into an underground drug subculture. Others are accepted and almost promoted under certain circumstances. Tobacco is one of those drugs. Tobacco will be discussed in the context of cigarette smoking. This is not to undermine the existence or danger of other forms of tobacco, but instead to have an exhaustive discussion of cigarette smoking and its societal impact. Cigarettes are a means of inhaling tobacco, where it enters the lungs and is absorbed through the blood vessels, traveling to the heart, from which it is finally pumped to the brain (Hogan, Gabrielsen, Luna, and Grothaus 2003:76). Cigarettes are detrimental to society because they not only affect the user who chooses to smoke; they impact people around them through second-hand and residual smoke. The damage done by cigarettes is not impossible to address. Successful prevention measures are already in place, but this paper intends to suggest other more direct measures, especially related to statutory regulations.

“Loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs.” says King James of England and Scotland, describing smoking in 1604 (Connolly 13). Tobacco use kills millions of people a year but still only has few legal restrictions. Many argue that the use of tobacco is a right we have in the United States but the harm that it does to the innocent may outweigh those rights. Because the use of tobacco negatively impacts the health of both the users and those around them, all tobacco products and their use should be illegal.

Tobacco has been one of the biggest staples of America throughout history and culture. It acted as a saviour and a basis to the economies of the new world (colonies in North America). However, health concerns have also revealed the looming dangers of tobacco.Even though the adverse effects of smoking are common knowledge, the threat still lingers. Smoking is a habit that builds on itself in regarding negative effects. These negative effects affect anybody. I lost my aunt to lung cancer via cigarettes. Tobacco is not just harmless recreational fun; it is a poison hiding in our culture. Recently, The New York Times reported that The United States Chamber of Commerce has helped tobacco companies who intend to strike down laws constricting the expansion to foreign territory. Jon maa who is a general surgeon denounces this disturbing agreement in concern of health and sleazy monetary gains by the tobacco corporations.

Plastered all over magazines, buildings, and billboards used to be positive advertising of tobacco, encouraging people nationwide that tobacco use is fun, trendy, and completely innocuous. “More Doctors Smoke CAMELS than any other cigarette”, “More delicate in flavor, too...for those with keen, young tastes”, and “My throat is safe with Craven ‘A’... you can trust their smoothness and quality” were both notable examples of advertising that hooked the now addicted users (Lindstrom). Nowadays, although advertising has become more educational on the negative health effects of tobacco use, it is still normal to see people as young as 18 using the toxic products. However, how can it necessarily be considered ‘wrong’ if the legal age for tobacco

Tobacco is one of the world's dangerous drug which is haunting human lives to death. Over a billion adults are addicted to this drug and wasting their money, time and health. Nowadays there has been an ongoing debate/discussion among many people about the role of government in restricting the usage of Tobacco and thereby safeguarding the health of the public. In my personal opinion, both government and the Individual together needs to work to overcome this problem.

This paper has the purpose of developing a critical evaluation of tobacco control policy in Australia. It will review and describe some of the various governmental policies on tobacco, and discuss evidence that shows the impact of these policies.

Australia is the world leader in tobacco control, as they became the first country that implemented plain package policy. Since December 2012, all tobacco products which are traded and brought to Australia must be in plain packaging in order to implement the National Tobacco Strategy (NTS) 2012 – 2018. (National Tobacco Strategy, 2012, p.27) The range of policies including health signs on packaging, mass media campaigns, bans on tobacco promotion, price increases, and controls on smoking and access to tobacco were implemented (ibid, p.1). As a result, 2014-2015 data shows that 14.5 percent aged 18 years and above were daily smokers (2.6 million adults), dropped from 16 percent in 2011-12. This reduction is a continuation of the trend over the past two decades. In 2001, 22.4 percent of adults smoked daily, while 23.8% of adults smoked daily in 1995 (Australian Bureau of Statistic, 2015).

The implementation of tobacco-control policy in Australia has a significant reduction in smoking prevalence for Australian aged 14 years and older from 24.3% in 1991 to 15.1% in 2010.1 This placing Australia among the lowest in the world.2 A remarkable exception is the most disadvantaged groups including the Australia’s Indigenous, among whom tobacco smoking rate reaches 47,7% in 2013.3 The uneven distribution of the effectiveness of tobacco control policy among Indigenous Australian brings repercussion in steepening social gradient in tobacco use which may lead to tobacco stigmatization.4

Tobacco used is a major epidemic around the world. Many people start this terrible habit because stress, personal issues, or in the case of teenagers to fit in. They do not realize that when they smoke they are actually poisoning their body, and ignore the many health risks it poses not only to them, but those around them. According to the CDC (2016) smoking causes 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and women, and 80% of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Due to these reasons Companies are being required to include warning labels in the packaging. I personally agree with these regulations. The warning labels on Cigarette package describe the harmful effects of tobacco use. Their graphic images are intended to inform people

The use of tobacco is a very controversial topic here in the United States. The harmful side effects of tobacco are well known and consequently, many believe that it should be outlawed. Though this has not yet occurred, constant regulations on the industry and

On average, plain packaging per se (without additional health warnings) did not make tobacco products less attractive. However, plain packaging reduced idiosyncratic differentiation on measures

America has a drug problem and the majority of the public is aware of this; however, more than 480,000 premature deaths in the United States each year can be attributed to cigarette smoking (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Additionally, 16 million Americans currently suffer from a tobacco-related illness (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Despite tobacco being the top one preventable cause of death in the United States, 42.1 million Americans continue to consume the drug daily (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Although many restrictions have been placed on tobacco marketing, the tobacco industry continues to use its economic power and powerful persuasion tactics to interfere with tobacco control.

Smoking trends in high socio-economic and industrialised western areas have declined, but in low to middle income areas they have increased. "In Australia, daily cigarette smoking has declined by 0.6 percentage points per year over a similar time (from 22.4% of adults aged 18 + years in 2001 to 14.5% in 2015)" ref 10. Living in poverty and using tobacco products only worsens people's conditions as there is less available money to spend on necessities such as food, water, proper shelter, warm clothing and proper education. This means that food security decreases and becomes more common as money spent on smoking increases. In New South Wales there is a distinct difference in the amount from income earned spent on smoking between high and low income earners. High income earners spent nearly 3% compared with low income earners that spent 20% of their income on smoking. Where people live is also a determinant of smoking. In 2014 to 2015, people living in outer regional and remote areas of Australia had higher rates of daily smoking with 20.9% compared with those people in inner regional areas at 16.7% or major cities 13.0%. (Australian Buero of Statistics). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in 2008 had a much higher rate of daily smoking at 47.7%. (Australian National Preventive Health Agency (ANPHA), Evidence Brief: Smoking and Disadvantage 2013). Considering all these determinants with a poorly planned and funded environment, quitting smoking becomes nearly impossible hence prevention strategies should be employed to help reduce the prevalence of tobacco use and eventually cease the sale of tobacco

The tobacco industry knowingly provides a product that is both addictive and detrimental to the health of their customer. Extensive studies have conclusively confirmed the significant negative health and economic impacts of this product. From a deontological perspective, the tobacco industry has a clear duty to educate their customers, and the public, of the dangers of being exposed to their product. Despite this duty, the industry has illustrated unethical behavior in the past. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have confirmed various health impacts on the users and bystanders. Even today the same unethical behavior continues. As regulations are imposed in developed nations the tobacco industry targets the poor in developing nations, where regulations may be lacking, and the target market may not fully understand the consequences of smoking.