Today 's Modern Policing System

Gaines, L. K., & Kappeler, V. E. (2014). Policing in america (8th ed.). (S. Decker-Lucke, Ed.) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America: Anderson Publishing. Retrieved January 2017

Policing is a very difficult, complex and dynamic field of endeavor that is always evolves as hard lessons teach us what we need to know about what works and what don’t work. There are three different Era’s in America’s policing: The Political Era, The Reform Era, and The Community Problem Solving Era. A lot has changed in the way that policing works over the years in the United States.

This movement called for reform across a wide range of social problems. This reform included a change in corruption of police agencies. The reform led to the era of Professionalism which focused on crime control and a more centralized police department (Bond, 2016). The police’s relationship with the community shifted from intimate too distant in efforts to create a professional environment. Communities began to negatively change there perspectives on the police.

Policing has been a part of America for many decades. In fact, policing was known to exist prior to 1066, the year of the Normandy Invasion of Britain. Throughout the years policing has been a complicated and ongoing progress. The people of England did not have a stabilized policing standard and were often responsible for protecting and serving themselves. As early as the 1600s the Colonial America introduced the English styles of policing; citizens were responsible for monitoring community members’ behavior. Early constables and sheriffs were with the increased rate of crime and developed a ‘sort’ in community policing known as “watch and ward.” Later throughout history in the early 1700s policing became an

Policing today consists of three eras. These three eras have adapted and built off one another through history (Parr, 2014). The first era started around 1840 to 1930, and is known as the Political Era. The second Era is known as the Reform Era and lasted from 1930 to 1970. The last era is called the Community-Problem Solving Era and is still being adapted and used today. The Political Era emphasizes on meeting the needs of politicians. The police were given power through the local government and the community had very little say in what happened. The police and politicians worked together to control the city and neighborhoods (Palmiotto, 2000). This was often referred to as a ward. The ward politician controlled all the police in their neighborhood. The police officers tasks included not only crime prevention and order but a lot of social service activities that involved their neighborhoods. The officers resembled the ethnic backgrounds of the neighborhoods they lived and worked in and performed their patrols gaining trust from their community (Palmiotto, 2000). This allowed positive integration of police officers leading to more public service, and the trust of the officers to stop crime when is starts.

Formal policing model began to arise in the late 1800’s and leaders at the time

The role of police departments in the US kept on changing, depending on the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In the post-Civil War era, for instance, the attention was shifted to breaking strikes. More than ever before, the 19th century saw an increase in industrial actions against employers. In particular, labor unrest was very common. In New York, for instance, there were recorded 5090 strikes, most of which involved up to a million workers (Paoline, Gau, & Terrill, 2016). What caught the eye is the fact that most of these strikes were actions that were called against individual companies. Such businesses that were targeted often found it difficult to prevent the rioters from destroying property.

The origins of policing in America can be traced back to its colonial years of the early 1600s. Unlike the formal police forces we have today, policing took different forms during its early years. In the Northern states, policing consisted of volunteers that warned their communities of any upcoming threat or danger. Although this mode of policing was not effective in controlling crime, it continued until the 1830s, at which the city of Boston was the first to establish a police force. By the 1880s, all major cities, such as Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia, had established municipal police forces. More interesting and controversial, the development of policing in the Southern states was shaped by slavery and the control of minorities.

Police random preventive patrol by a mobile police force was the hallmark of the Reform Era of policing. Police officers were expected to remain in their “rolling fortresses,” going from one call to the next with all due haste (Manning, 1971). Officers were evaluated based on outputs, such as miles driven, calls handled, tickets issued and

     Law enforcement is divided into three major eras throughout history. These eras are the political era, the reform era and the community era. The political era that took place between 1840-1930 was characterized by five points, which was the authority was coming from politicians and the law, a broad social service function, decentralized organization, an intimate relationship with the

The traditional style of policing required officers to focus on responding to call of service and solving crime in a reactive way. This meant citizen were giving zero input or cooperation when dealing with law enforcement. The traditional style of policing during the social unrest of the 1960 caused unwanted tension between citizens and police departments. This lead to the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of justice in 1967. This commission challenged police departments across the country to be more responsive toward its citizens. Many department in the late 60’s and in the 70’s started to experiment with policing styles other than the traditional model. Departments moved on from the traditional model because

Lastly, I would like to take some time to reflect back on the way policing was back in the 40’s and 50’s and how it changed for the better or worst in today’s 21st century. From what we already know about Devil in the Grove by Gilbert King. He gives us the perspective where Sheriff McCall and his county sheriffs are members of the Ku Klux Klan back when they Jim Crow Laws were in full effect. Now fast forward it about fifty or sixty years into modern day society. Think to yourself, would it be necessary to be in a group that is associated with killing off innocent African Americans today? These great individuals that make up their race have contributed to our society in so many ways. So being a member of a group to wipe out a particular race

During this era citizens felt safer and had a better relationship with the police but as time went on and technology got better the relationship that was developed between police officers and citizens changed dramatically. By the mid-1900s new technology had a significant influence on policing, two-way radio, patrol cars and the telephones, revolutionized policing. “Police: History-Policing Twentieth Century America^ C” the Reform Era( n.d.)

From the past research on my topic about lack of police in the community, high crime is the cause of not having enough police in the community. I recently talked about the effects of lack of police and the effect on the community in my recent papers. According to my hypothesis, the lack of police in communities is what I truly believe what makes a difference in crime rates. With that being said, I did social research on what scientist reported to make a claim to support my hypothesis. A research article I found online entitled, “The Effects of Local Police Surges on Crime and Arrests in New York City”, published by John MacDonald, Jeffrey Fagan, and Amanda Geller has enough

Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their services to community members. Consequently, the chosen Sheriffs were usually motivated by financial incentives and lost their focus on enforcement of the law, which contributed to the perception that policing was primarily reactive in nature. However,