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What is crime? What makes people commit crimes and how can we stop it? These, and many other questions similar to these, are asked by criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behavior. Two of the main criminology perspectives are Classical Criminology and Positivist Criminology. Although these two are both studied in the criminology field, their views are distinctly contradictory from each other. These two theories and many

Criminal Pathway Theory is a way of visualizing the crime environment through the paths people use as they go about their regular, daily activities. It draws on the fields of environmental criminology, criminology, urban sociology, behavioural psychology, urban design, architecture, landscape architecture and planning.

In criminology, is very important to study why people commit crime when deciding how crime should be handled and prevented. This type of study is known as criminal profiling. Many theories have developed over the years, and they continue to be researched, alone and in combination, as criminologists seek the best solutions in reducing specific types and levels of crime. While all crime theories are designed to try to explain and understand criminal activity and the people that commit them, it is an ongoing science. No one theory can define all crime. However, it can be used usefully to help us understand crime a little better and help criminologists find new ways to deal with and eliminate criminal behavior. I am going to discuss one

Sociological theories of crime contain a great deal of useful information in the understanding of criminal behavior. Sociological theories are very useful in the study of criminal behavior because unlike psychological and biological theories they are mostly macro level theories which attempt to explain rates of crime for a group or an area rather than explaining why an individual committed a crime. (Kubrin, 2012). There is however some micro level sociological theories of crime that attempts to explain the individual’s motivation for criminal behavior (Kubrin, 2012). Of the contemporary

Assault in Woonsocket seems to be a common thing to hear on the news. Therefore, I picked the total assault rates in Woonsocket and gathered this information through the UCR. This data showed me that Woonsocket had 694 total assaults in 2015. I compared this data with two other cities (with higher populations) and found that Woonsocket still had the higher total assault rate. This caught me off guard because I would have thought inner cities would have more assaults, but this wasn't the case. UCR helped gather this data while also informing me on the race, age, and gender of offenders collectively for all crimes.

Summary: Chapter 4: Geoprofilers assist officers with discovering the location of where a criminal resides or the locations they may be going to find their victims. Geoprofiler use two methods to investigate; geographic mapping and /or geographic profiling. Geographic mapping provides a visual map of places that have the highest rates of multiple crimes, drug selling or victimization. Geographic profiling is associated with determining the spatial movements of a serial offender. There are two theories for Geographic profiling; routine activity theory and rational choice theory, both were developed by Paul and Patricia Brantingham.

In conclusion, in comparing both these big cities Cincinnati is showing an increase in the number of burglaries and almost every other crime as for Dallas, the crime rate there is down 6.4 percent. With the population in Dallas being 1,197,816 and Cincinnati’s population being 296,943 people would think that Dallas would be a city full of crime but Cincinnati is far worse. According to NeighborhoodScout . com, on a scale of 100 to 1(100 is the safest) Cincinnati rates just a two. This scale shows that Cincinnati is just safer then two percent of the cities in the United States of America. There are many factors that could explain why Cincinnati has one of the fasting growing crime rates in the nation. One could be the economy where there is nine percent unemployment in the city alone. Another factor could be the racial and ethnic makeup of the city. Looking at the Dallas, Texas crime rates, it rates a six in the crime index (NeighborhoodScout.com). This means that Dallas, Texas is safer than six percent of the

Classical criminological theory was introduced in 1764. The tenants of this theory became the backbone for the development of all criminological theories to come. After over 200 years have passed since its conception, is classical criminological theory still relevant to today’s society in explaining the causes of crime? This essay will address this question by discussing the major components of classical criminological theory while highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. The essay will also examine a more modern criminological theory, Merton’s anomie/strain theory, and decipher major differences between the two theories. This essay will also explain the aspects of classical criminological theory that are applicable or outdated in their

Criminal behavior is something that affects everyone, even if you don’t particularly engage in the act itself. Every time a crime is committed, we often find ourselves wondering what led that person to do that crime. We wonder why they did it because it is something that we could never do, so therefor we cannot fathom the act of engaging in criminal activity. Some people feel that people only engage in it just because they lack the thing that they try to steal or because of their specific background and race. In actuality, there is a link between criminal behavior and the lack of education. However there is also a link between the attainment of education and criminal behavior.

Displacement is the response of offenders to the crime prevention strategies, especially the ones that block criminal opportunities (Barr and Pease, 1990; Eck, 1993). Besides the most intelligible displacement, the change in the location of crimes (spatial displacement), researchers proposed five other types of displacements, which are: temporal displacement, target (victim) displacement, method displacement, crime type displacement, and perpetrator (offender) displacement (Reppetto, 1976; Garbor, 1990; Barr and Pease, 1990; Eck, 1993). Table 1 shows these six forms of displacements and their distinctions, as well as examples.

The article under review is titled Biting Once, Twice; The Influence of Prior on Subsequent Crime Location Choice. The authors of this article are Marre Lammers, Barbara Menting, Stijn Ruiter, and Wim Bernasco, Biting Once, Twice: The Influence of Prior on Subsequent Crime Location Choice was written in early 2015 to capture the information needed to prove where an offender committed his/her first crime has a major impact on where they will commit their second crime; this study has a goal to prove within a short time period one individual will return multiple times to re-commit crimes in a previous area. Throughout this study the researchers found sources to prove locations of crimes committed impacts how numerous individuals offended in the same area over a short amount of time. Data for this article was collected from police departments from the greater The Hague Area in the Netherlands. Once a crime has been committed there is a very small time period before another crime is committed in the same area, this tends to put further targets at risk in the near-by area around the great The Hague area. This report briefly discusses all of the contributing factors to how the study was conducted, from the way that the data was collected, analyzed and represented in the actual article itself.

There are many theories that attempt to explain the cause of criminal events. One such theory is routine activity theory developed by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson in 1979. This theory was meant to fill the gaps in existing models that failed to adequately address rising crime rates during the 1960 's (Browning et al., 2000). Cohen and Felson suggested that crime should be thought of as an event that occurs at a specific location and time and involves specific people and/or objects (Felson,

In this paper I will discuss and explain anatomy of a crime decline in New York City as well as if in these days can we say that the city is safe. Purpose of this book " The City That Become Safe " written by Franklin E. Zimring is to show us how crime rate changed during 1990 to 2009. According to author this book presents a detailed profile of New York City crime over 20 years period. Book provides the vital statistics of the crime drop by type of crime, by borough, and by year. There are two reasons that such exhaustive detail is required as a beginning to the study. First, the size and the length of the drop are without precedent in the recorded history of American urban crime. The second reason that the details of the crime decline are needed is as a road map for explaining what changes in the city and its government might have caused this epic decline. The more we know about the specific character of the decline- when it happened, where it happened, which offenses- the better our capacity for sorting through different theories of what caused the drop. In addition, shifts the focus from the two decades of the decline to an assessment of current conditions in the city. How safe is New York City?.

The original objective of creating the Metrocables was to fight poverty, unemployment, violence, and crime in Medellin (Bea, 2016). Given that both poverty and unemployment have already been discussed, the focus now turns to crime and security. In addition to the apparent changes made in the commercial realm that have multiplied businesses and created jobs for the previously unemployed, residents of these neighbourhoods have noticed changes made in terms of crime and safety. As previously touched upon, up until the 1990’s, Medellin’s history of violence led to the lack of surveillance and safety in the city as well as in the rural areas. Over time, the Metrocables have had a positive impact on the crime and safety sector of Medellin. Those who reside in the neighbourhoods around the Metrocables have noticed a decrease in incidence related to gang warfare, crime, and violence since the implementation of these aerial cable-cars (Agudelo, 2013). Since the Metrocables are a relatively new form of urban mobility in these areas, security measures have been taken via surveillance to ensure that this mode of transportation is benefitting people and living up to its original intentions. With the arrival of the Metrocables came great surveillance not only in the cable-car stations but even in the close surrounding areas as well. When commuters are traveling via Metrocables, they feel safe enough to carry cash in their pocket, a feeling they do not have while using different forms of

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report “National Crime Victimization Survey” (October 2000), it was reported that in 1998 urban residents experienced overall