Torstar Inc.

This memo will examine Timken Company's decision to acquire Torrington by examining the stand-alone value of Torrington, the synergies of this acquisition and the effect on Timken's investment grading.

CML's equity ratio increased to 0.4 and correspondingly debt ratio decreased to 0.15 from 2001 to 2005. Generally it is a good trend, even though there has been a decrease in equity ratio in 2005 from 0.45 to 0.40 and an increase in debt ratio from 2004 to 2005, it may be due to the acquisition from US group KKR. However, in 2005, equity is almost three times debt, which means the capital structure is still in good condition.

MCI would be better to keep its capital structure of 55% debt. The cost of equity is high because raising more equity will dilute the value for existing shareholders. Due to the fact that MCI has a high leverage, it is not feasible to issue debt. Additionally, MCI has exhausted the line of credit from the banks and used convertible debentures frequently. MCI belongs to a competitive and regulatory industry. The high leverage will limit its potential to grow. In exhibit 8, MCI does not have a bond rating. The convertible bond allowed the company to raise capital and convert to equity later. The interest coverage ratio of AT&T is 3.6X whereas that of MCI is 4.2X. After increasing the market share, the company can obtain a bond rating by decreasing its financial leverage.

Given that the cost of equity is 9.4% and the cost of debt is 12.2%, Star’s cost of capital can be calculated as 9.14% (Appendix B). The company was also considering raising the cost of debt to the industry average of 19%. At this cost of debt, Star Company would have a lower cost of capital of 8.24% (Appendix B) because interest on debt capital is deductible whereas dividend payments on equity capital are not.

From our DCF calculations, the value of Torrington as a stand-alone entity is $1.181 billion. However, the maximum purchase price for Torrington should only be $641 million. The optimum debt amount for this transaction would be $301 million. This amount of debt would result in a total debt to capital ratio for Torrington of 47%, within the range for a BBB “investment grade” debt rating. The combined entities, Torrington-Timken, would produce an interest coverage ratio of 3.2, and a debt ratio of 45%, again within the range for a BBB “debt rating. The purchase would likely be a cash transaction.

Return on Total Assets was 4.43% which is below five percent. That indicates that the company is not accurately converting its assets into profit. The total for Return on Stockholders’ Equity was 8.89%, however financial analysts prefer ROE to range between 15-20 %. The company’s low ROE indicates that the company is not generating profit with new investments. Lastly, Debt-to-Equity ratio for the company was 1.01 which indicates that investors and creditors are equally sharing assets. In the view of creditors, they see a high ratio as a risk factor because it can indicate that investors are not investing due to the company’s overall performance. The totals of these three ratios demonstrate that the company’s financial state is not as healthy as it should be.

Managing debt levels to maintain an investment grade credit rating as well as operate with an efficient capital structure for its growth plans and industry

The current ratio of Sirius is also substantially low at .48. The company could face even bigger problems if they were to be hit with litigations and recalled loans, due to the fact that most of the company’s assets are secured in long-term

There are two ways of increasing capital, (1) using debt and (2) issuing new shares. For profitable companies sometimes it is cheaper to use debt instead of issuing new shares since cost of debt is tax shielded. In this case company didn’t have any debt in past which means less default risk, it will affect total value in a positive way. It will decrease the taxes paid and increase net income, accordingly share values.

Our analysis attempts to answer the question, “What are the things a company must consider when analyzing a new investment or project?” According to the text, a firm’s first objective when deciding to take on new debt should be that its return on net assets (RONA) should be greater than its weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Since we are working with an income statement only and do not have an amount for net assets, we will instead use return on invested capital (ROIC), which measures how well a company is using its money to generate returns. Comparing a company 's return on capital (ROIC) with its cost of capital (WACC) reveals whether invested capital was used effectively. From our spreadsheet calculations we see that using our estimated operating profit provides us with a 19.9% return on invested capital with only a 7.2% weighted average cost for that same capital. If these numbers are even close to correct, George should definitely make the move.

The Debt-Equity Ratio shows that most of the capital was in terms of ordinary shares and is becoming more reliant on Shareholders Equity than on debt to finance operations.

Generally, firms can choose among various capital structures in order to maximize overall market value of the company. It is proposed however, that

After all of this we also need to keep in mind the financing deals that they have made with the Patricorp Group of $312,500 In for 41% of the equity, and $625,000 in subordinate debt. That was the previous debt that I talked about in the previous paragraph. As of the current revenues of the company, and considering the actual payments needed to pay they need to continue to grow the company to keep up and service the debt they will inquire. It is critical that they are successful with the growth, so that they do not fault on their agreement and have to give up more equity in the company so that they can retain ownership.

The long-term liquidity risk ratio such as LT debt/Equity, D/E, and Total Liabilities to Total Assets all show a decline from year 2005 due to the repayment of debts. The interest coverage ratio also shows a healthy number of 29.45 in comparison to the industrial average of 15.04 indicating a high ability to pay out its interest expense. Such a low relative risk is not surprising due to the nature of its business depending heavily in R&D development and large intangible assets.

quantity of net income dollars of company earned for each dollar invested by the owners was 8.5% in 2010 and 10.4% in 2011 reflecting an increase of 1.9%. After analyzing the solvency ratios the following highlights were found: Riordan’s debt of totals assets ratio indicates company’s capability to survive losses without spoiling the interests of creditors. For 2010 was 14% and during 2011 was 29.4%, showing an increase of risk of 15.4% (higher the number, higher the risk that leads the company to be unable to meet its maturing obligations). The company’s time’s interest earned ratio that determines company’s capability to meet interest payments as they come due was 26.9 in 2010 and 8.3 in 2011. A high ratio on times interest earned may lead to investors to think that a company has an undesirable lack of debt or is paying down too much debt with earnings that could be used for other projects (Investopedia, 2013). Subsequently evaluating our performance and efficiently of the collected data, it reveals that Riordan Manufacture has displayed remarkable progress in comparison between years 2011 and 2010. The company liquidity demonstrates that we are capable to