Total Hip Replacement

Katz, J. N., Wright, E. A., Polaris, J. J., Harris, M. B., & Losina, E. (2014, May 22). Prevalence and risk factors for periprosthetic fracture in older recipients of total hip replacement: a cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-168Lewis, S. L., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., Bucher, L., & Camera, I. M. (2011). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: else

Operative Procedures: 1. Reversion of total hip replacement, right hip. 2. Allograft bone graft, right hip.

A total knee replacement (TKA) is the most common joint surgery performed in the United States (Turner, 2011, pp. 27-32). Each year, over 650,000 Americans undergo this surgery (Wittig-Wells, 2015, pp. 45-49). It is an invasive surgery that involves an incision on top of the knee and replacing damaged parts of the knee with artificial parts that are either metal, ceramic or plastic. Someone would get a total knee replacement for damage of the joint, osteoarthritic, posttraumatic, or inflammatory arthritis. The cartilage is damaged, wears away and then you develop bony deformity and contracture of ligaments but it starts out with specific defects or wear of cartilage. The top nursing priorities for a total knee arthroplasty is to “prevent complications, promote optimal mobility, alleviate pain, and provide information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment needs” (Doenges, 2014, pg. 627). A possible nursing diagnosis from the patient who is undergoing a TKA might be ‘impaired physical mobility related to pain and discomfort as evidenced by reluctance to attempt movement.’ Another one could be ‘acute pain related to chronic joint disease as evidenced by reports of pain’ (Vera, 2014).

The bone structure of a normal hip consists of an acetabular and a femoral head, which is covered with articular cartilage, a smooth and strong cover. There is then a ring of cartilage which is called the acetabular labrum. This provides stability, maintains joint fluid pressure and distributes weight to the femoral head. With poor coverage of the femoral

Total hip replacement is a surgical procedure to remove damaged bone in your hip joint and replace it with an artificial hip joint (prosthetic hip joint). The purpose of this surgery is to reduce pain and improve your hip function.

For this report I will concentrate on total hip replacement, its components, main surgical technique, and complications. Sir John Charnley first developed total joint arthroplasty in the 1960s (Skinner 395). In a total hip replacement "the articular surfaces of the acetabulum and femoral head are replaced" (Lemone 1241). A prosthesis is then used to replace the entire head of the femur

Total knee replacements are known as the most effective orthopedic procedures in the world. These surgeries are most often preformed on geriatric patients. Over time, because the knee is one of the lowest joints in the body, it is typically more prone to wear compared to joints holding less body weight. In the United States, the overall amount of total knee replacements exceeds over four times the overall number of total hip replacements. In the year of 2015, the estimated number of total knee replacements was predicted to be about 719,000 ("Inpatient Surgery." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Ordinarily knee replacements are used to ease pain and disability caused by arthritis or other joint problems, while preserving movement.

Hip arthroplasty is the replacement of the hip joint with a prosthesis, and is one of the most common reconstructive operations (Huo et al 2008). Hip arthroplasty may be performed when irreversible damage has occurred to the joint; this damage often causes pain, dysfunction and reduced quality of life.

Despite contrary belief, hip replacement is not necessarily negative. Many Americans believe that in order to have a hip replacement, your condition must be terrible. A survey conducted in 2012 said that almost 1/3 of respondents to the hip replacement survey felt they would have benefited from having their surgery done earlier. This procedure has and continues to change the lives’ of many people in our world. Hip replacement, or arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which the diseased parts of the hip joint are removed and replaced with new, artificial parts. These artificial parts are called the prosthesis. The goals of hip replacement surgery include increasing mobility, improving the function of the hip joint, and relieving pain. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 332,000 total hip replacements are performed in the United States each year. “Hip Replacement.” Questions and Answers about. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.

People undergo total knee replacement when arthritis or injury erodes the joint's natural cushioning to the point where it's hard to walk even short distances without severe pain.

Structural failure (collapse) of the femoral head (FH). 6 studies (with 421 participants) provided relevant data (Yamasaki et al. 2010, Gangji et al. 2011, Zhao et al. 2012, Lim et al. 2013, Liu et al. 2013, Ma et al. 2014). The pooled estimate of effect size for structural failure of the FH favored the cell therapy group, as, in this treatment group, the odds of progression of the femoral head to the collapse stage were shown to be decreased by 5 times compared to the control (CD) group (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08–0.6; p = 0.02). However, this result should be interpreted with caution due to the presence of significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, Q-test = 16, df = 5, and p = 0.008) (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Philip Wiles’s ball-and-cup arthroplasty developed in 1938. (Left) The cup was fixed to the acetabulum with two screws. Bolts passing through the femoral neck secured the femoral component. (Right) Radiograph of an implant after thirteen years. The lug and screws retaining the metal acetabulum have disintegreated, much of the neck of the femur has been absorbed, and the bolt has broken away from the head (18).

The hip joint is one of the most important joints in the body and helps support half of our body weight while acting as a stable joint that allows three degrees of freedom. It also serves as a ball and socket joint, formed from the femoral head of the femur and the acetabulum on the pelvis. The hip joint functions to support and distribute loads on the hip between the upper and lower extremities. The hip’s linkage of upper and lower extremities functions to maintaining balance, standing body posture and coordination. The majority of the femoral head is composed of spongy bone which plays a major role in assisting the distribution and absorption of loads. The progressive death of bone cells due to ischemia results in structural damage and

Knee replacement surgery (also recognized as total knee joint arthroplasty) is generally undertaken when knee problems related with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have occasioned in the wearing down of the knee joint. In a total knee replacement operation, a doctor cut away impaired bone and cartilage from the thighbone, shinbone and kneecap and replaces it with an artificial joint (knee prosthesis) made of metal alloys, plastics

The hip joint is used in everyday life. The most common need for replacement comes from this wear and tear of the joint resulting in osteoarthritis, necessitating a total hip replacement. Part of this replacement involves selecting an implant of proper material and size to fit the patient, with more and more implants heading toward metal on metal load bearing surfaces to increase life of the implant. The implant lasts an average of 15 years before failure. Some of this failure results from a fracture of the implant, while in 2% of cases a revision is required due to infection. The Medicare compensation for a total hip arthroscopy is $43,000, while an infection more than doubles that cost. Replacement of the hip joint results in higher quality of life for the patient and in some populations (Norway) even decrease long-term mortality rates. As the population grows older, the need for this procedure will increase and the burden to the healthcare system will exceed $15 billion per year.