Totipotency of Plant Cell

In a plant’s life cycle, there are a few key details such as germination, growth, egg or sperm production, pollination, seed production and dispersal, and finally death. In the germination phase the seed sprouts after a certain exposure to light, temperature, and moisture (Pima Community College). In the growth stage the sprout turns into a mature plant, this is followed by the production of an egg or sperm and then pollinated by other pollen transferred by the wind or an animal. Next is the seed production when the embryo and endosperm get a seed coat to form a new seed, the dispersal of the seed occurs it is transferred from the parent by interaction with an animal. Finally death, it’s pretty obvious, death is when the plant dies.

Germination is the stage of plant growth through which a seed becomes a seedling plant. First, the seed begins to absorb water and the radicle root emerges from the seed coat and into the water. Then, the primary roots grow, the cotyledons move above ground, the stem begins to grow, and leaves develop. The process is complete when the first leaves open and the cotyledons fall off (The Learning Garden 2001).

The germination process begins when water and oxygen are pulled into the seed by the seed’s coating. The embryo’s cells grow bigger as water and air

The mixture was heated at 120°C using an aluminum block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved, it was heated for 20 additional minutes to ensure the reaction was complete.

The results observed do not correspond with the outcome predicted by the hypothesis. Despite the nature of the subjects of the experiments, no substantial growth was observed. Only one seed of the 36 planted germinated, and it could only survive for a period of a week. The one seed that germinated reach a height of 1.2 cm. Table 1 presents the average growth observed in each quad. Each quad had a total of 12 seeds. No seeds were removed during the course of the experiment.

17) Pour a small amount of the hot solvent into the flask containing the solid.

The Wisconsin fast plant also known as the Brassica rapa belongs to the crucifer family of plants, closely related to cabbages, turnips, broccoli and other vegetables. Brassica rapa plants are used because they are viewed as model organism, a species that has been widely studied and can be breed in a laboratory. It is an ideal model organism because it has a short growing process. About 2 weeks after the plant is planted it will began flowering, possessing the ability to produce seeds at high planting density, is categorized as a petite plant size, and lastly has the ability to grow under continuous fluorescent lighting in a standard potting mix. This plants make it easy to track the genetic information passed from generation to generation

At about day 14, two or three flowers open on most plants in which one begins pollinating as followed. Simply use a small fine tipped paintbrush and cross-pollinate all four plants with each other. Repeat the same step, in four days going. After the third pollination carefully remove all unopened buds by pinching them. Take away all new buds for the next two weeks or as necessary. Seeds are now ready to harvest after about 21 days after pollination. Carry the quads with plants away from the watering try while letting them dry for five days. Remove dried seedpods from the quads and roll them between your fingers to free the seeds from the pod. Count and store seeds in an envelope, labeled with your name and

At the start of this experiment we were required to obtain a set of four Wisconsin Fast Plants, which are genetically, known as Brassica rapa. These plants have been, “originally selected under continuous fluorescent light to grow and reproduce quickly for research purposes, these petite, fast-growing plants have been used for teaching biology concepts” (Wisconsin Fast Plants). These four pots that contain our plants will be under our watch for the next 16 weeks where we will show our results at the end of the semester.

Take the bowl of water and the paper towels. Submerge your hand in the water, then pat the paper towel with your hand, to dampen the towels before planting but not to the point where the towels are soaked. Do this for each group of seeds soaked in the solutions (5).

The third step that was taken was germinating the seeds. Two sets of paper towels were used to germinate the

However one beaker received 100 mL of Deionized water with a molarity of 0.0. Afterwards a cork borer was pushed through the potato and was twisted back and forth. Once the borer was filled it was removed from the potato. Pushing the potato cylinder out of the borer, this this step was repeated six more times in order to get seven undamaged potato cylinders. Using a sharp razor blade, the potato cylinders were both cut to a uniform length of about 5cm, and were removed of their potato skins. The potato pieces were also cut in half to give the cells a greater surface area in which it was easier to absorb the solution. After the cylinders were weighed on a balance and the data was recorded in Table 4. Using the razor blade each potato was cut lengthwise into two long halves. Then the potato pieces were transferred to the water beaker and the time they were submerged was recorded. This step was repeated for all potato cylinders in which the pieces were placed in solutions 0.1 to 0.6 M. The potatoes were incubated for ninety minutes. At the end of the incubation period the time was recorded. Then the potato piece was removed form the first sample. Next potato pieces were weighed the and the final weight was recorded in Table 4. This procedure was repeated until all samples had been weighed and recorded in the chronological order they were initially placed in the test solution. Afterwards the table was completed by recording the

precipitate; then pour over the solid in the funnel. Finally, pour two 10-mL portions of

The next experiment was to test diffusion in agar solution. A petri dish with a layer of solidified agar had four holes punched in it using a No. 5 cork borer. Three holes were punched in a triangle shape with the fourth hole directly in the middle. There should be 15 mm between each outside hole and the middle hole. The three outside holes were filled with one drop each of potassium bromide, potassium Terri cyanide, and sodium chloride. The middle hole was filled with a drop of silver nitrate. It is very important to make sure that none of the holes overflow. After each has been filled allow to sit for an hour and observe the results.

3. Use a sterile pipette to transfer 0.1 ml of each dilution on to a MacConkey agar plate.