Abby Boyce
English 1201
Professor McGehee
10/22/2012
Cover Sheet
a) Who is your audience?
My audience applies to everyone in the US. My audience is very broad because my topic touches base on an issue that can or could potentially affect anyone directly or indirectly as well.
b) How would you like your readers to describe the personality you present on the page?
My personality is confident. I believe in my argument and feel strongly about it.
c) What question does your paper answer?
It answers the question as to whether or not there is an issue with police brutality. d) What’s your thesis/claim?
Something needs to be done immediately to end the violence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh
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Backing Questions:
What is my backing?
- Cops must complete a two year degree before they can be a certified officer.
- It’s still a big problem because people are not bringing enough attention to it for it to be recognized.
Does my backing apply in all cases? Why or why not?
Yes. My backing is aimed to back-up my warrants to the best of my ability.
Abby Boyce
English 1201
Professor McGehee
10/22/2012
Formal Outline I. “In the middle of broad daylight, August 28th, 2012, laid a man helpless and defenseless after being kicked, beat, and sprayed repeatedly with a chemical irritant.” a. Refer to StarTribune article and discuss background/situation that happened b. Claim: Something needs to be done immediately to end the violence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh discipline we are discovering is being used more and more often should not be tolerated. II. Cops, especially street cops, are supposed to be the role-models of the community and are hired to benefit the community, not harm it. a. Grounds: Give statistics from St. Paul homicide ratings b. Grounds: Define police brutality c. Grounds: Use quote from the StarTribune III. Warrant: To believe there is an issue with the criminal justice system, you must recognize the problem as well as believe that cops are not trained to inflict physical abuse on citizens, they are trained to
Stephen Toulmin uses his own type of system to help readers analyze arguments. Enthymeme is given as a claim, therefore a warrant is needed in Toulmin’s schema. Following these concepts is backing and grounds. While backing is used to back up one’s sources and arguments to help and support the warrant. Conditions of rebuttal means that the audience should look at the argument as a doubter. The last stage in Toulmin’s schema is to use a qualifier. The argument needs to be ready for a qualifiers to help it a bit more if the facts used to back up isn’t very good to use. Using Toulmin’s schema on the story Dream On by Mark Krikorian will help the audience decide whether the convincing facts can help illegal immigrants. Krikorian uses Toulmin’s schema real well while stating his facts in his written article. Krikorian is an author who writes about just another type of amnesty for illegal immigrants wanting to become legal citizens of the United States of America. Soon to find out that the DREAM Act will fail because it is not sufficient enough to help children under the age of 16 to become legal.
The Toulmin method is an effective way to carefully analyze a text within a written argument. When writing the Toulmin method, the readers can show how effectively or ineffectively the author’s argument is. The article, “Raise Wages, Not Walls,” Michael S. Dukakis and Daniel J. B. Mitchell argue that raising the minimum wages will help solve the immigration issue rather than building walls. The essay has a claim, but has weak supporting evidences and reasons that does not support the claim.
The police should always set a good example to the public showing that they are working productively and are reducing crime in the community making the public feel safe.
Police brutality is one of the most serious and divisive human rights violations in the United States and it occurs in every community. The job of a police officer is to maintain public order, prevent, and detect crime. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take control of a situation. Sometimes this force takes the form of hand to hand combat with a suspect who resists being arrested. Not all police officers in communities are good cops. At least once a year the news is covering a story about a person
Police officers have played a major role in society by protecting us from crime. Their responsibilities include not only preserving the peace, preventing criminal acts, enforcing the law, investigating crimes, and arresting those who violate the law but also directing traffic, community relations work, and controlling crowds at public events.
This is proof that there is racial discrimination in law enforcement that affects police brutality. This also reinforces the culture of people of color being less human than white people, which takes its roots all the way back to slavery in America. When slavery was still prevalent in the United States, white people believed that black people(slaves), did not feel pain like they felt pain. After slavery was abolished, black people were still strongly regarded as inferior to white people and white people still saw them as wild creatures rather than human beings. White people saw themselves superior to every other race of people, so it was common for them to mistreat other races that weren’t white. This mindset is not as strong as it was in the past but, it is still strong enough to affect the choices police officers make during interactions with people of color. As a result of discrimination at the police level, many people have turned to court system’s to reach justice.
Police have many roles to take on an everyday basis. The main goal for an officer is to keep criminals off the streets and to try and maintain a safe environment for people to live. Many people disagree with some of the decisions officers make to enforce these rules and causes a lot of controversy. Today many people don't respect our police officers because of actions made by others. A major issue today is police use of force, stop and frisk.
Law Enforcement officers have one of the most critical jobs in the United States. Their lives are always on the line and they are of high regards. This means they cannot fail! The results of their jobs do not only depend on their actions but also on the people. What this means is the community has a huge role when it comes to solving crime. Though many people may not believe it, they are the key to a successful crime prevention community. The people of the United States don’t really understand both the positive and negative effects that community policing actually brings. Some may say it is very dangerous based on their experiences. Others may say it’s the best way to do away with crime. Today the two will be compared and put to test by true officers serving our country. The facts will be stated and questions will be answered. Let’s take a look at what community policing is really all about!
-In order to become a police officer, there is no experience required, however to move up to a detective, there is a minimum of 5-10 years working on patrol before you can be part of an investigations unit.
Many states and correctional facilities prefer or require officers to have post-secondary training and psychology, criminology or related read of study. Some states require applicants to have one or two years of previous experience in corrections or related police work. Military experience or related work experience is also required by some state governments. On federal level, applicants should have at least two years of college or two years of military experience. (Unites States)
The Toulmin argument is more of an aggressive approach of proving a statement wrong and the Rogerian argument is a passive approach that will state the facts and allow the both sides to be heard. I usually agree with the Rogerian approach, but in this case I would have to use the Toulmin method to argue against this statement. This idea and argument needs to be refuted and proved wrong. This argument is continually hurting young people and causing them to believe that this is an achievable standard that must be attained. I would argue the point that it is unhealthy, unnatural, and physically unachievable. I would use the Toulmin approach to refute any claim that was made with evidence and insure that my argument proved the statement incorrect.
The police forces in every community are deemed law enforcement officers and have to take necessary precautions in executing their job. Individuals that police officers encounter may at any time threaten the security of the officer or others. Police officers have to follow procedures that are necessary to maintain control of situations that can cause harm to others or property. The three topics that will be discussed in police use of force are; the explanation and background of use of force, limitations of use of force, and disputed court cases dealing with police use of force.
The Toulmin Method is briefly explained as a way for some people and even debaters to effectively argue, justify and rebut their position on a subject. Aspects that compile an effective argument are a claim, qualifications, grounds, a warrant, backing, and rebuttals. A claim the position that is being argued for or the thesis statement. Qualifiers small words which suggest a group, but not all to support a position to provide truth. Grounds are the reasons or evidence supporting the claim statement. A warrant is the provisions for the authors to be arguing the subject itself, which is justified by reasons called, backing. Finally, a rebuttal is an anticipated objection. All of these definitions are the Toulmin Model-Parts which are used to
I believe officers needs to be more professional when they patrol. In my opinion officers have to have enough evidence when they arrest people from the poor communities, they should offer counseling to the needy. The community needs to feel officers support, and help them find jobs, and resources, to help them have a bright future. Most of the people need another opportunity, they need mental health services and jobs, to break the homeless and poverty cycle. The city and government is already helping them with housing because they paid $200 dollars for rent every month.
This week, I learned that the Toulmin model is a very good model of argument because it is made of grounds, warrants, and backing, as well as rebuttals. Having these characteristics in an argument makes it very sound and convincing. Including the grounds in your argument allows the reader to understand why you are arguing something. This also makes a connection to the author, and in turn makes the argument more meaningful. The warrants allow the author to make a connection between the grounds and the claim. Connecting why you are arguing something with you initial claim, what you are arguing, gives the claim more strength. Warrants also give the author the chance to provide evidence (logos) to strengthen their argument. Backing provides an