Tourette Syndrome Analysis

Associated with autism, there are a number of conditions comorbid to ASC. There is a high prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with autism, with a 1 in 4 prevalence, with seizures often starting in early childhood or adolescence. Tourette’s syndrome also has a higher prevalence within ASC then the neuro-typical population, with a prevalence of 6.5% compared to 2-3%. This may be due to abnormalities in dopamine, glutamate and serotonin abnormalities in autism. There is also a high proportion of individuals with learning difficulties, whether mild, moderate or severe, with a reporting from as low as 20% up to 70% prevalence.

Tourette syndrome is a disorder that is found in the nervous system and is most commonly found in children. Forms of Tourette’s can range from being severe to being mild, causing people to have motor or vocal tics. “Other symptoms such as the expression of socially inappropriate comments or behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit disorder, self-injuring behavior, depression, and anxiety also appear to be associated with Tourette syndrome” (Tourette syndrome, 1). Tourette’s mainly affects children and teens. It occurs less as you get older. During the late teen years, the severity of Tourette’s decreases. “Some of the suggested risk factors include severe psychological trauma, recurrent daily stresses, extreme emotional excitement, PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder with streptococcal infection), and drug abuse” (Tourette syndrome, 1). Tourette’s can effect someone negatively, due to some of the actions that can occur. People misunderstand people with Tourette’s,

Every parent who has a child suffering from a psychological disorder that affects their behavior dreads a new school year. This means new teachers not aware of the disorder, more parent-teacher conferences, and more pressure to medicate the child. The most common and well known behavioral disorders are Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

This literature review is focused on the characteristics, prevention, assessment, and intervention of TCS. An assortment of different sources were utilized in the collection of information regarding these areas, including journal articles, texts, and websites. Though, texts and web information were both used in a limited capacity. The literature review specifically focuses on the effect the syndrome has on the speech and language of affected individuals.

These deficits may be manifested in socially inappropriate behavior (Suchy, 2009) and can cause a great deal of distress and a decrease in overall quality of life (Langlois et al., 2006). In addition to these cognitive deficits, TBI has also been shown to have high comorbidity with various psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety disorders (O’donnell, Creamer, & Pattison,

However not all Tourette’s patients are as lucky; Tim Howard is very well-known for his vulgar outbursts to his teammates when they make a big mistake or when he concedes a goal, although he states that the Tourette’s isn’t always the reason for the outbursts.

Such as, inflated sense of responsibility and the tendency to overestimate threat; perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty; and over-importance of thoughts. Those who have OCD can vary in insight, either good or fair insight, poor insight or even absent insight/delusional beliefs. It is common for those who have OCD to avoid people, places, and things that trigger obsessions and compulsions. Those with OCD have varied obsessions and compulsions, such as, contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions, fears of harm to oneself or others and checking compulsions or hoarding. Those with OCD become distracted for a certain amount of time, impairing them from continuing their daily activity until they neutralize their obsession and

or refuse to receive treatment run into many potential difficulties. The article, “Growing Up With ADHD” by Denise Foley, explains how those affected by ADHD have a difficult time at school, work, and social functions. She also states that many are five times more likely to speed while driving due to their inattentiveness to detail. Only one example how refusing treatment or not getting correctly diagnosed can turn potentially harmful. Living with ADHD can be a constant struggle if not properly diagnosed. For example, in Elizabeth Russell Connelly’s book, Conduct Unbecoming: Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit, and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, many behavioral and brain disorders, like ADHD, must be diagnosed by a trained professional to

Autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term used in diagnosing a collection of developmental disorders of the brain that vary in severity1. People with ASD may have trouble with social interactions, problems with different types of communication, may practice repetitive actions or behaviors1,2, struggle with paying attention, and suffer from motor disfunctions1. ASD is usually diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 and 3, this early diagnosis is very beneficial because it leads to intervention which intern leads to more positive outcomes later in life1. ASD affects 1 in every 68 American children1 and is 4-5 times more common in boys than girls1. Prevalence of this disease is on the rise, with a 10-17% increases in cases per-year1, which could be due to improved diagnostic methods, environmental factors, and other reasons that are unknown1. One well established diagnostic tool is the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) which is 15-point rating scale3 used to diagnose children with ASD and determine its severity2. Another less accredited, but still informative diagnostic tool is the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC)2 which differs from the CARS because it is a parent rater form of measurment2. ASD has no cure, but there have been studies that show behavioral outbursts can be reduced with the use of certain movements and breathing techniques4. This encourages confidence that more aspects of ASD can be improved with similar methods.

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a familial neurological disorder of variable expression that is characterized by recurrent involuntary tics involving body movements and vocalizations. The disorder is named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86 year old French noblewoman.

When I think of the “stereotypical” Tourette’s image, I tend to picture a child cursing, as seen in many movies, but Phoebe did not display this particular tic that is often portrayed. I believe the film accurately portrayed a child with Tourette’s syndrome because it depicted that feeling of loss and hopelessness a child can feel when they feel like they have no control of their body. Phoebe also presented the less portrayed, but more common, symptoms of Tourette’s such as the simple and complex tics. The Mayo Clinic states that Tourette’s patients commonly display simple and complex tics of either motor or vocal origin (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Phoebe’s mimicking of others, using different tones of voice, and saying inappropriate things (such as calling someone “fat”) are examples of complex vocal tics (Mayo Clinic, 2012).

Obsessive – Compulsion disorder is again another type of anxiety disorder characterized by repeated or uncontrollable thoughts and compulsions that seem to be impossible to stop or control. People that have OCD often do things such as washing their hands, checking, counting, and cleaning to avoid the obsessive thought. The causes of OCD are still being researched, but OCD is now being associated with neurobiology, but is no longer being associated with childhood experiences. OCD occupies 2 percent of the United States’ population in a given year. However OCD can be linked with other mental and physical disorders such as: depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD,) and some anxiety disorders.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of the brain that is observed in people who have involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. Named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette who first discovered this disorder, this French neurologist described a noblewoman who exhibited these symptoms in 1885. These tics could range from repetitive movements to inappropriate vocalizations.

Tourette Syndrome (TS), first described by Gilles de la Tourette, can be the most debilitating of the tic disorders and is characterized by multiform, frequently changing motor and vocal or phonic tics. There are multiple diagnostic criteria, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV.

Throughout the movie, Brad got into plenty of trouble because of the tourette syndrome. For example, on his way to a interview for a teaching job, Brad got caught by the cops for speeding. While the cop