Tourette Syndrome Research Paper

Associated with autism, there are a number of conditions comorbid to ASC. There is a high prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with autism, with a 1 in 4 prevalence, with seizures often starting in early childhood or adolescence. Tourette’s syndrome also has a higher prevalence within ASC then the neuro-typical population, with a prevalence of 6.5% compared to 2-3%. This may be due to abnormalities in dopamine, glutamate and serotonin abnormalities in autism. There is also a high proportion of individuals with learning difficulties, whether mild, moderate or severe, with a reporting from as low as 20% up to 70% prevalence.

Another social and communication disorder is Asperger syndrome, this is characterised by the following; the individual may have difficulties in social interactions, a restricted range of interests, repetitive behaviours and also they may have a delay in motor development. This may be shown in the individual 's clumsiness or uncoordinated movements, however, those with Asperger 's syndrome don’t have significant delays in both language and cognitive development. There are a number of different symptoms of Asperger 's yet it is unlikely that they would all be present in one person. Each

Autism Spectrum Disorders are developmental disabilities with lifelong effects for the person. They are characterized by the repetitive behaviors exhibited by the client with social and communication deficits as well. Clients with ASDs have unusual abilities to learn, they struggle with paying attention and may react inappropriately with extreme tantrums to different sensations. ASDs include and are not limited to autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, atypical autism and Asperger disorder. Research of autism has been tracked by the Centers of Disease Control for prevalence since 1996, however tracking of developmental disabilities began in the 1980s.

Asperger’s syndrome, which is also referred to as Asperger's disorder, is a type of Persuasive Developmental Disorder. Persuasive Developmental Disorder or PDD are a group of conditions that involve delays in the development of basic skills, the most recognizable of these skills is the ability to communicate and socialize with others as well as use their own imagination. Although Asperger's syndrome is similar in some ways to autism, there are important differences between the two. Children with Asperger's syndrome typically function higher than those children with autism. In addition to them being higher functioning; children with Asperger's syndrome generally have normal intelligence and slightly less than normal language development.

* speech problems, such as not being able to pronounce long words properly and "jumbling" up phrases – for example, saying "helicopter" instead of "helicopter", or "beddy tear" instead of "teddy bear"

Dyspraxia is thought to affect up to ten per cent of the population, with males four times more likely to be affected than females. Dyspraxia sometimes runs in families. There may be an overlap with related conditions such as dyslexia and autism spectrum disorders.

This literature review is focused on the characteristics, prevention, assessment, and intervention of TCS. An assortment of different sources were utilized in the collection of information regarding these areas, including journal articles, texts, and websites. Though, texts and web information were both used in a limited capacity. The literature review specifically focuses on the effect the syndrome has on the speech and language of affected individuals.

Like most other disorders of diseases, risks are usually prevalent. People who are divorced, living alone, or people who are a single parent are more likely to get GAD (Thomas). Gender is similarly a large factor; women have twice as much of a chance to get GAD when compared to men (A.D.A.M.). Additionally, according to A.D.A.M. being shy can contribute to this disorder because they may be a focus for bullies, causing the shy individual to develop anxiety and have trouble enduring uncertainty.

Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary, and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. “Until 1970, TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,” concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar characteristics as other mental disorders (Kahn and Fawcett 375). Since there is no specific test that can diagnose TS, doctors have to rely on a person’s behaviors and personal history to identify the disorder. About one person in two thousand people is likely to have TS; additionally males are four

Tourette Syndrome, or TS, affects approximately one hundred thousand Americans of whom you will find in a variety of professions and social settings (7). It is a neurological disease which is characterized by repeated and involuntary body movements and vocal sounds. Before TS was known to be a health problem uncontrollable by the patient, it was seen as nervousness, possession by a spirit, epilepsy or simply as bad habits (5). Today it is known that imbalances in certain brain chemicals are what causes the symptoms of this disease. It is interesting to examine TS and use it as a tool for better understanding (in part) how, in what quantity, and at what level the brain (and the nervous system as a whole) contribute to

Tourette syndrome is hard to diagnose because there is no test to positively diagnose the disease(14). Tourette syndrome can be a comorbid condition which means that it can be combined with another disease or condition. ADHD is one that can be associated with Tourette syndrome. Doctors diagnose ADHD or other comorbid condition before Tourette syndrome for reasons like it easier to diagnose and it more common to see ADHD than Tourette. OCD, ODD, and Asperger syndrome are comorbid conditions that are often associated with Tourette syndrome (24).

The disorder known as Tourette Syndrome, dates back to the late 1800’s when a French neurologist named George Gilles de la Tourette, described a disorder which involved a twitching and jerking of the body. Since this time, much information has been learned about this disorder. We now know that approximately 1 percentage of children are affected by this disorder, and it is often long-lasting or a lifelong condition. Information about the areas of symptoms, theories, and treatment have greatly advanced.

Early symptoms of Tourette syndrome occur in children at around 3 and 9 years and occur in equal percentages in all ethnic groups. However, TS occurs more often in males than females with over 200,000 Americans having severe TS. The reason for this is because the syndrome is a dominant trait genetically passed down on the X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to have it than females, specifically three times more likely. Even though TS is chronic, most people who are diagnosed early can live a more improved lifestyle for the rest of their lives.

Tourette Syndrome (TS), first described by Gilles de la Tourette, can be the most debilitating of the tic disorders and is characterized by multiform, frequently changing motor and vocal or phonic tics. There are multiple diagnostic criteria, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV.

Throughout the movie, Brad got into plenty of trouble because of the tourette syndrome. For example, on his way to a interview for a teaching job, Brad got caught by the cops for speeding. While the cop