Tourette's Syndrome Analysis

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychological method of treatment for GAD, which involves a therapist working with the patient to understand how thoughts and feelings influence behavior.[13] The goal of the therapy is to change negative thought patterns that lead to the patient's anxiety, replacing them with positive, more realistic ones. Elements of the therapy include exposure

The event does not cause the disturbance, the disturbance is caused by how one views the event. One will think that if they could change the event, their feelings will change and they will feel better. They believe this and only this could solve their problems (Corey G, 2005). They feel removing the negative event will help them achieve pleasurable stimulation. CBT has six phases: Assessment or psychological assessment; Reconceptualization; Skills acquisition; Skills consolidation and application training; Generalization and maintenance; Post-treatment assessment follow-up (Gatchel & Rollings, 2008). According to a 2004 review by INSERM, cognitive behavioral therapy proved or presumed to be an effective treatment of many mental disorders. According to the study, those mental disorders included but were not limited to; anorexia, schizophrenia, personality disorders depression, panic disorder, alcohol dependency, anxiety disorders, bulimia, bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress (Centre, 2000). CBT notes that changing the way of thinking will result in a change in behavior. Nowadays more emphasis has been put on changing the thinking to maladaptive thinking instead of changing the thinking by itself. Therapists use CBT techniques to make individuals become self-aware and to challenge their way of thinking. They challenge them to be more open and aware

CBT is relatively short term, goal directed, problem focused treatments that are based on the model that changing cognitions and leads to behavioural change (Dobson, 2002 as cited in Sudak, D. M. 2006). We interact with the world through our mental representation of it. If our mental representations are inaccurate or our ways of reasoning

Behavioral techniques utilized by CBT are designed not only to change certain behaviors, but also to elicit the individual's cognitions associated with specific behaviors.

Limited research has been provided for other certain diagnoses such as OCD ,ADHD, and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder. While currently, these are areas that are being extensively researched, prior research did not provided “evidence-based ” that CBT was effective in these areas. This is due to these areas being a fairly new concept for CBT and limited research available to compare the effectiveness. (Bannink, 2012)

In particular, using CBT as the treatment method, the therapist will educate the individual to understand their misinterpretations of their own body’s sensations. After educating the individual on the cause and misinterpretation of the panic attacks, the next step is to teach the individual how to accurately apply correct interpretations from their bodily sensations. Lastly, the individual will be taught coping skills by either referencing relaxation and breathing, or through inducing physical feelings of panic to help recognize there is no

The subject patient is suffering from anxiety disorders and, according to studies reviewed by Dugas et al. (209), CBT was found to be superior in treatment of anxiety disorders to applied relaxation and wait-list control. In Hauck (1975), anxiety is described as being an unconscious state, and that its origin is often rooted in being anxious or afraid, but not knowing the cause.

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder that involves uncontrollable, repetitive movements and/or sounds. Tourette’s is extremely common, having over 200,000 cases every year in America alone. TS is usually found in children between ages six and eighteen and can last a life time. Tourette’s is a devastating disorder that can lead to other disorders if not treated properly. Tourette’s is usually associated with foul language, random aggression and harsh blinking. Since Tourette’s is usually found in children and teenagers, many people with TS experience bullying and isolation. Because of this, some type of therapy is encouraged. There are several clinics and camps for children to help them cope with the disorder.

“If you have Tourette Syndrome, you make unusual movements or sounds called tics” (“Tourette”). “Tics are involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations. The three Tic Disorders are distinguished by the types of tics present (motor, vocal or both) and by the length of time that the tics are present” (“What”). Motor tics are movements that occur like eye blinking, facial grimacing, jaw movements, neck stretching, etc. Another tic is vocal tics. Vocal tics produce a sound. These tics can produce a sound from sniffling, clearing of the throat, grunting, to hooting or shouting (“What”). Both of these tics can be exaggerations. Some times the patient can hide or control their tics, but the buildup of tension can can become an involuntary action defending the tic (“Syndrome”). There is a certain “phase” that the patient may go through called “The Terrible Twos.” “This phase is typically observed among toddlers age eighteen to thirty-six months who exhibit intense outbursts of anger, displeasure, physical agitation and opposition in response to frustration” (“Walkup”). The tics can be both Harmful or Harmless. “Tics, although rarely disabling, can be quite troublesome for Tourette Syndrome patients because they cause embarrassment, interfere with social interactions and at times can be quite painful or uncomfortable” (“Walkup”). Becoming familiar with tics occurring with the condition can help the support and coping mechanisms from the

There is many different medications and therapy opportunities for people with tourette syndrome There is no cure, it is very difficult to prevent but preventing Lyme disease or strep may reduce the risk. Medications not only help with the tics but most are for everyday activities. 80% of people with Tourette Syndrome will have other disorders. Medications available is Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, and Pimozide, Botulinum (Botox) injections, ADHD medication,Central adrenergic inhibitors, Antidepressant, Anti Seizure medication. Therapy could include, behavioral therapy to monitor tics, urges, and learn to move involuntarily in a way that's incompatible with a tic Psychotherapy to help with coping, ADHD, and obsessions,

CBT is an integrated approach using various combinations of cognitive and behavioral modification interventions and techniques (Myers, 2005). The aim is to change maladaptive patterns of thinking and behaving that impact clients in the present (Weiten et al., 2009). From a cognitive behavioral perspective Jane would be diagnosed as having faulty thinking and dysfunctional behavioral issues suffering from depression, and anxiety in the form of Agoraphobia (Weiten et al., 2009).

In many instances, no treatment is needed, tics could resolve automatically; in other cases behavioral therapy with the suggestion of “life style change”, medication, or a combination of the two is

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of the brain that is observed in people who have involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. Named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette who first discovered this disorder, this French neurologist described a noblewoman who exhibited these symptoms in 1885. These tics could range from repetitive movements to inappropriate vocalizations.

CT focuses on somebody’s opinions or philosophies, and how they effect a person's temperament and activities, and aims to modify a person's thinking to be more adaptive and healthy. Behavioural therapy focuses on somebody’s actions and aims to alter corrupt behaviour patterns. CBT helps a person concentrate on his or her current problems and how to resolve them. Both patient and therapist need to be actively involved in this development. The therapist helps the patient learn how to identify distorted or obstructive thinking patterns, identify and alter incorrect beliefs, relate to others in more positive ways, and alter behaviours