Towards The Building Of English Arabic

Language is one of the fundamentals things in Indian philosophy that every school almost their own language and philosophy of their language in order to understand their sacred texts correctly. Sphota in one this theory in Ancient Indian philosophy which is seen as communication device. In the Veda, Sphota is the ‘whole sentence unites’. Sphota is considered as the word or sentence which is single indivisible meaning bearing units. It means that sentence should not be consider is being made up of single words and words by letter. In linguistic discourse, they are symbol which is the meaning bearer. they are the articulated sounds and means by which merely the symbol is revealed. The Brahmanical tradition takes language as of Divine Origin and they consider language as valid resource of knowledge. There are two schools which made significant contribution to the philosophy of language in Indian philosophy which are the Mimamsa and philosophy of Grammar. The both school believe that the words and their relation to meaning are eternal and underived and impersonal. The beginning of language is untenable. There is only one real that manifests as many of words. It means that it does not have an ended point and does not have started point. Humans understand them from their birth till to their death. However, in this paper, I will argue that the relation of word and meaning is conventional arbitrary because of factors such as polysemous, homophones and homonyms,

The purpose of this research is to discover which of the four strategies suggested by Baker (1992), used in translating idioms and idiomatic expressions from English into Persian in a Novel titled “Kite Runner”. This chapter deals with methodology, which is the materials chosen for the analysis, the instrumentation, the procedures adopted to collect data, design of the study and data analysis.

Culture is a very significant attribute of human experience determining to a large extend the way people relate with others within their environment. According to Mahfouz (2011), culture is also important not just for managing the way understand and relate with each other but also as a form of identification giving people a sense of belonging and identity. The human race is highly cultured with many different people preferring to lead their lives based on traditions defined within their cultures and in order to understand human behavior and relationship, it is important to ensure that this issue is well understood and appreciated. This brief paper discusses the effect that culture has on how people relate with each other and how different cultures provide different avenues of expression that make life easier or harder for those that relate with them. I will use my personal experience of my Arabic culture to provide insights about the issues that culture influences in human relations.

Origin. Of Na-Dene or Athapaskan origin, the Tahltan language is based on oral tradition (Language, n.d.) and was taught through song, stories, dancing and speech. A writing system has been recently developed and is considered to be “an important milestone in the history of our language and culture” (Language, n.d.). It is part of a single language family along with Tagish and Kaska dialects (Language, n.d.). Tahltan elders remember the majority of Tahltan’s speaking the language in their youth (Bourquin, 2016); unfortunately, exposure to the residential school system during the 1950’s drastically reduced its usage (Davis, 2011, pp. 21-23)

Islam: This Arabic word is “derived from the word peace, purity and obedience” , peace with Allah and being committed to abide by the teachings and guidance of Him Almighty. Muslims believe that Allah (God) is the source of all purity and goodness and in the religious sense; Islam is the submission to the will of Allah. Islam also implicates living in peace within yourself and with other people in the world. Islam is the message of Allah, which is received by all His Prophets who appeared in any part of the world to all people through the history. A person who follows Islam is called a Muslim “this is an Arabic word means that a person is submitting to the will of Allah” . A Muslim believes that Allah’s messages included words His words and can never be changed. They were collected together to form the Muslims’ holy book, which is called the Qur’an.

The teaching of the English language in Iraq and Iceland is very different from each other. The activities and material, which the teachers use for teaching listening and speaking, are also different. In Iraq, when I was there, there were no electronic devices, which have listening activities. The teacher was the only source for the students to hear the English language. In the school student have to listen to the teacher and repeat all the words to learn them and also to learn how to pronounce them. As the matter for the speaking, there were books, which include some dialogues, which are taken from real life situation, and students were supposed to learn them by heart and speak the dialogue with the student sitting beside them in class, the

Key features of language include its words and their sub structures such as morphemes, graphemes and syllables at the writing level as well as reading or speaking, words, their meanings and contexts in which the words get spoken or read. Language has to be interpreted as a whole, and not just as the specific word. There must be an explicit pattern or structure. In order for language to be understood correctly, the meaning of words must be arranged in a given context. This is what constructs language; even though words are arbitrary themselves, in order to integrate as a language, they must be used in the appropriate context. This pre-established cultural context is what will enable effective communication. (Daniel Willingham, 2007, p. 1).

According to Sowa (2005), the concept of lexicon forms the connection between language and knowledge. In other words, the specific words used to express knowledge are collectively known as the lexicon of that language. In this way, different languages have different lexicons. However, the connection among all languages is that there is a central lexicon with the same function throughout the languages to create mutual understanding and knowledge sharing among speakers of that language.

Arab is not a race, but is a group of individuals that are united by their culture and history (ADC, 2014). There are many different variations commonly based on a particular individual’s country of origin such as Arab Americans. Other variations are based on their social class, the level of their education, if they live urbanely or rurally, or the time they have spent in the United States (Lipson & Dubble, 2007). Most Arabs also practice Islamic religion and are Muslim. When working with an Arab or Muslim client, nurses should ask what the client wishes to be referred to so as not to offend them in any way (Lipson & Dubble, 2007).

The early 20th century saw major changes in Arabic societies, which initiated a new cultural order that changed the lives of men and women alike. The sweeping changes associated with this period were catalyzed by a massive immigration from the countryside into the rapidly expanding urban centers of the region. There exist a variety of contributing factors to this migration: systems of land inheritance that fragmented land into smaller parcels (decreasing an already declining income per capita); the world-wide economic crisis of the 1930s that further crippled the income of farmers, and the disappearance of sustainable jobs. As a result, millions of rural dwelling peoples flocked to the cities where the prospect of employment was most probable. The population of cities such as Cairo grew at an even faster rate than that of the country itself, surging from 800,000 to 1,300,000 between 1917 and 1937 ( Hourani 335). This rapid increase led to a change in the layout of the cities, forming a variety of different, class-dividing quarters. Furthermore, the inter-mingling of a variety of different cultures and nationalities in these major urban centers stimulated the formation of a new era of social norms, especially in Muslim societies.

A word having only one meaning is called monosemantic, for example, hydrogen, and molecule. Such words are few in number, while polysemy is the case when two related words happen to share the same written form. In spite of the clearness of the differences between these two concepts, there are many examples where it is not clear whether a word should be analyzed as polysemous or monosemous, and no absolute criteria have ever been proposed which will successfully differentiate between them. The analysis of a word as monosemous or polysemous may well need to be relativized to a specific level of lexical abstraction, for each such level there are only two logical possibilities: either the word’s meaning can be adequately represented by a single gloss, in which case it must be considered monosemous, or it cannot, in which case it is polysemous. The divergence between monosemy and polysemy is therefore not a false one, since monosemy and polysemy name the only two logical possibilities for the structure of a lexical category on a given level of lexical

Arabic Calligraphy is based upon the development of the Arabic alphabet and is intimately tied to the history of Islam and the writings of the Qur’an. The word calligraphy, is defined as ‘beautiful writing” and is considered to be one of the most noble artistic expressions in the Islamic world. Arabic Calligraphy has become an integral part of Islamic culture mainly because Islam by nature is aniconic, which discourages the artistic representation of animals and human beings. As a result of this, the art of Islamic culture gravitated towards the art of calligraphy.

Furthermore, this linguistic reality, has enforced endogamy, where Arab Israelis, have to create state of affairs to maintain and develop the Arabic language by encouraging community activities such, literature events such as poetry, readings, and other literature competitions, further attention to elementary and secondary school in their towns and villages, and continuous discussions and debates regarding the Arabic language policy to further improve and relinquish its status..

There are several interpretations that could be drawn based on the result in the previous section. As we expected that we can see several distinctive differences of how Oxford English dictionary, Collins and Merriam-Webster dictionary treat polysemous words which are being studied.